®
TR1004
914.00 MHz
Hybrid
Transceiver
•
•
•
•
•
Designed for Short-Range Wireless Data Communications
Supports RF Data Transmission Rates Up to 115.2 kbps
3 V, Low Current Operation plus Sleep Mode
Stable, Easy to Use, Low External Parts Count
Complies with Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS)
The TR1004 hybrid transceiver is ideal for short-range wireless data applications where robust operation,
small size, low power consumption and low cost are required. The TR1004 employs RFM’s amplifier-se-
quenced hybrid (ASH) architecture to achieve this unique blend of character- istics. All critical RF functions
are contained in the hybrid, simplifying and speeding design-in. The receiver section of the TR1004 is sensi-
tive and stable. A wide dynamic range log detector, in combination with digital AGC and a compound data
slicer, provide robust performance in the presence of on-channel interference or noise. Two stages of SAW
filtering provide excellent receiver out-of-band rejection. The transmitter includes provisions for both on-off
keyed (OOK) and amplitude-shift keyed (ASK) modulation. The transmitter employs SAW filtering to suppress
output harmonics, facilitating compliance with FCC 15.249 and similar regulations.
Rating
Power Supply and All Input/Output Pins
Non-Operating Case Temperature
Soldering Temperature (10 seconds / 5 cycles max.)
Value
-0.3 to +4.0
-50 to +100
260
Units
V
°C
°C
SM-20H Case
Electrical Characteristics
Characteristic
Operating Frequency
Modulation Types
OOK Data Rate
ASK Data Rate
Receiver Performance, High Sensitivity Mode
Sensitivity, 2.4 kbps, 10-3 BER, AM Test Method
Sensitivity, 2.4 kbps, 10-3 BER, Pulse Test Method
Current, 2.4 kbps (R
PR
= 330 K)
Sensitivity, 19.2 kbps, 10-3 BER, AM Test Method
Sensitivity, 19.2 kbps, 10-3 BER, Pulse Test Method
Current, 19.2 kbps (R
PR
= 330 K)
Sensitivity, 115.2 kbps, 10-3 BER, AM Test Method
Sensitivity, 115.2 kbps, 10-3 BER, Pulse Test Method
Current, 115.2 kbps
Receiver Performance, Low Current Mode
Sensitivity, 2.4 kbps, 10-3 BER, AM Test Method
Sensitivity, 2.4 kbps, 10-3 BER, Pulse Test Method
Current, 2.4 kbps (R
PR
= 1100 K)
Receiver Out-of-Band Rejection, ±5% fo
Receiver Ultimate Rejection
R
±5%
R
ULT
1
1
2
3
3
-104
-98
1.8
80
100
dBm
dBm
mA
dB
dB
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
-106
-100
3.0
-101
-95
3.1
-97
-91
3.8
dBm
dBm
mA
dBm
dBm
mA
dBm
dBm
mA
Sym
f
o
Notes
Minimum
913.80
OOK & ASK
30
115.2
kbps
kbps
Typical
Maximum
914.20
Units
MHz
RF Monolithics, Inc.
Phone: (972) 233-2903
Fax: (972) 387-8148
RFM Europe
Phone: 44 1963 251383
Fax: 44 1963 251510
©1999 by RF Monolithics, Inc. The stylized RFM logo are registered trademarks of RF Monolithics, Inc.
E-mail: info@rfm.com
http://www.rfm.com
TR1004-070105
Page 1 of 12
Electrical Characteristics (typical values given for 3.0 Vdc power supply, 25 °C)
Characteristic
Transmitter Performance
Peak RF Output Power, 450 µA TXMOD Current
Peak Current, 450 µA TXMOD Current
2nd - 4th Harmonic Outputs
5th - 10th Harmonic Outputs
Non-harmonic Spurious Outputs
OOK Turn On/Turn Off Times
ASK Output Rise/Fall Times
Sleep Mode Current
Power Supply Voltage Range
Power Supply Voltage Ripple
Ambient Operating Temperature
T
A
-40
t
ON
/t
OFF
t
TR
/t
TF
I
S
V
CC
2.2
P
O
I
TP
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
0.7
3.7
10
85
1.5
12
-50
-55
-50
12/6
1.1/1.1
dBm
mA
dBm
dBm
dBm
µs
µs
µA
Vdc
mV
P-P
°C
Sym
Notes
Minimum
Typical
Maximum
Units
Notes:
1. Typical sensitivity data is based on a 10
-3
bit error rate (BER), using DC-balanced data. There are two test methods commonly used to measure
OOK/ASK receiver sensitivity, the “100% AM” test method and the “Pulse” test method. Sensitivity data is given for both test methods. See Ap-
pendix 3.8 in the
ASH Transceiver Designer’s Guide
for the details of each test method, and for sensitivity curves for a 2.2 to 3.7 V supply voltage
range at five operating temperatures. The application/test circuit and component values are shown on the next page and in the
Designer’s Guide.
2. At low data rates it is possible to adjust the ASH pulse generator to trade-off some receiver sensitivity for lower operating current. Sensitivity
data and receiver current are given at 2.4 kbps for both high sensitivity operation (R
PR
= 330 K) and low current operation (R
PR
= 1100 K).
3. Data is given with the ASH radio matched to a 50 ohm load. Matching component values are given on the next page.
4. See Table 1 on Page 8 for additional information on ASH radio event timing.
SM-20H Package Drawing
B
C
D
E
ASH Transceiver Pin Out
F
GND1
1
VCC1
AGCCAP
PKDET
BBOUT
CMPIN
RXDATA
TXMOD
LPFADJ
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
GND2
11
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
RFIO
A
GND3
H
CNTRL0
CNTRL1
VCC2
PWIDTH
PRATE
THLD1
THLD2
G
mm
Dimension
Min
A
B
C
9.881
6.731
1.778
1.651
0.381
0.889
3.175
1.397
Nom
10.033
6.858
1.930
1.778
0.508
1.016
3.302
1.524
Max
10.135
6.985
2.032
1.905
0.635
1.143
3.429
1.651
Min
.389
.265
.070
.065
.015
.035
.125
.055
Inches
Nom
.395
.270
.076
.070
.020
.040
.130
.060
Max
.400
.275
.080
.075
.025
.045
.135
.065
RREF
D
E
F
G
H
RF Monolithics, Inc.
Phone: (972) 233-2903
Fax: (972) 387-8148
RFM Europe
Phone: 44 1963 251383
Fax: 44 1963 251510
©1999 by RF Monolithics, Inc. The stylized RFM logo are registered trademarks of RF Monolithics, Inc.
E-mail: info@rfm.com
http://www.rfm.com
TR1004-070105
Page 2 of 12
ASH Transceiver Application Circuit
OOK Configuration
+3
VDC
C
RFB2
C
DCB
+
ASH Transceiver Application Circuit
ASK Configuration
+3
VDC
C
RFB2
C
DCB
+
T/R
R
TH1
R
PW
R
PR
TR Mode
Control
13
THLD
1
12
THLD
2
RREF
19
18
CNT
RL0
17
CNT
RL1
16
VCC
2
R
TH1
R
PW
R
PR
19
18
CNT
RL0
17
CNT
RL1
16
VCC
2
15
P
WIDTH
14
P
RATE
15
P
WIDTH
14
P
RATE
13
THLD
1
12
THLD
2
RREF
R
TH2
L
AT
20
GND
3
RFIO
L
AT
11
TOP VIEW
GND1
VCC
1
2
AGC
CAP
3
PK
DET
4
BB
OUT
5
CMP
IN
6
RX
DATA
7
TX
MOD
8
GND2
LPF
ADJ
9
10
R
REF
L
ESD
20
GND
3
RFIO
11
TOP VIEW
GND1
VCC
1
2
AGC
CAP
3
PK
DET
4
BB
OUT
5
CMP
IN
6
RX
DATA
7
TX
MOD
8
GND2
LPF
ADJ
9
10
R
REF
L
ESD
1
1
L
RFB
R
BBO
+3
VDC
C
RFB1
C
LPF
C
BBO
R
TXM
R
LPF
L
RFB
C
BBO
C
RFB1
Modulation Input
Data Output
R
LPF
R
TXM
+3
VDC
C
AGC
C
PKD
Modulation Input
Data Output
Tranceiver Set-Up, 3.0 Vdc, -40 to +85 °C
Item
Encoded Data Rate
Minimum Signal Pulse
Maximum Signal Pulse
AGCCAP Capacitor
PKDET Capacitor
BBOUT Capacitor
BBOUT Resistor
LPFAUX Capacitor
TXMOD Resistor
LPFADJ Resistor
RREF Resistor
THLD2 Resistor
THLD1 Resistor
PRATE Resistor
PWIDTH Resistor
DC Bypass Capacitor
RF Bypass Capacitor 1
RF Bypass Capacitor 2
RF Bypass Bead
Antenna Tuning Inductor
Shunt Tuning/ESD Inductor
Symbol
DR
NOM
SP
MIN
SP
MAX
C
AGC
C
PKD
C
BBO
R
BBO
C
LPF
R
TXM
R
LPF
R
REF
R
TH2
R
TH1
R
PR
R
PW
C
DCB
C
RFB1
C
RFB2
L
RFB
L
AT
L
ESD
OOK
2.4
416.67
1666.68
-
-
0.1
12
0.0047
4.7
330
100
-
0
330
270 to GND
4.7
27
100
Fair-Rite
10
100
OOK
19.2
52.08
208.32
-
-
0.015
0
-
4.7
100
100
-
0
330
270 to GND
4.7
27
100
Fair-Rite
10
100
ASK
115.2
8.68
34.72
2200
0.001
0.0027
0
-
4.7
15
100
100
10
160
1000 to Vcc
4.7
27
100
Fair-Rite
10
100
Units
kbps
µs
µs
pF
µF
µF
K
µF
K
K
K
K
K
K
K
µF
pF
pF
vendor
nH
nH
Notes
see page 1& 2
single bit
4 bits of same value
±10% ceramic
±10% ceramic
±10% ceramic
±5%
±5%
±5%, for 1.5 dBm output
±5%
±1%
±1%, for 6 dB below peak
±1%, typical values
±5%
±5%
tantalum
±5% NPO
±5% NPO
2506033017YO or equivalent
50 ohm antenna
50 ohm antenna
CAUTION: Electrostatic Device. Observe precautions when handling.
RF Monolithics, Inc.
Phone: (972) 233-2903
Fax: (972) 387-8148
RFM Europe
Phone: 44 1963 251383
Fax: 44 1963 251510
©1999 by RF Monolithics, Inc. The stylized RFM logo are registered trademarks of RF Monolithics, Inc.
E-mail: info@rfm.com
http://www.rfm.com
TR1004-070105
Page 3 of 12
ASH Transceiver Theory of Operation
Introduction
RFM’s amplifier-sequenced hybrid (ASH) transceiver is specifically de-
signed for short-range wireless data communication applications. The
transceiver provides robust operation, very small size, low power con-
sumption and low implementation cost. All critical RF functions are con-
tained in the hybrid, simplifying and speeding design-in. The ASH
transceiver can be readily configured to support a wide range of data rates
and protocol requirements. The transceiver features excellent suppression
of transmitter harmonics and virtually no RF emissions when receiving,
making it easy to certify to short- range (unlicensed) radio regulations.
Amplifier-Sequenced Receiver Operation
The ASH transceiver’s unique feature set is made possible by its system
architecture. The heart of the transceiver is the amplifier- sequenced re-
ceiver section, which provides more than 100 dB of stable RF and detector
gain without any special shielding or decoupling provisions. Stability is
achieved by distributing the total RF gain over
time.
This is in contrast to a
superheterodyne receiver, which achieves stability by distributing total RF
gain over multiple frequencies.
Figure 1 shows the basic block diagram and timing cycle for an amplifier-
sequenced receiver. Note that the bias to RF amplifiers RFA1 and RFA2
are independently controlled by a pulse generator, and that the two ampli-
fiers are coupled by a surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay line, which has
a typical delay of 0.5 µs.
An incoming RF signal is first filtered by a narrow-band SAW filter, and is
then applied to RFA1. The pulse generator turns RFA1 ON for 0.5 µs. The
amplified signal from RFA1 emerges from the SAW delay line at the input
to RFA2. RFA1 is now switched OFF and RFA2 is switched ON for 0.55 µs,
amplifying the RF signal further. The ON time for RFA2 is usually set at 1.1
times the ON time for RFA1, as the filtering effect of the SAW delay line
stretches the signal pulse from RFA1 somewhat. As shown in the timing di-
agram, RFA1 and RFA2 are never on at the same time, assuring excellent
receiver stability. Note that the narrow-band SAW filter eliminates sampling
sideband responses outside of the receiver passband, and the SAW filter
and delay line act together to provide very high receiver ultimate rejection.
Amplifier-sequenced receiver operation has several interesting character-
istics that can be exploited in system design. The RF amplifiers in an am-
plifier-sequenced receiver can be turned on and off almost instantly,
allowing for very quick power-down (sleep) and wake-up times. Also, both
RF amplifiers can be off between ON sequences to trade-off receiver noise
figure for lower average current consumption. The effect on noise figure
can be modeled as if RFA1 is on continuously, with an attenuator placed in
front of it with a loss equivalent to 10*log
10
(RFA1 duty factor), where the
duty factor is the average amount of time RFA1 is ON (up to 50%). Since
an amplifier-sequenced receiver is inherently a sampling receiver, the
overall cycle time between the start of one RFA1 ON sequence and the
start of the next RFA1 ON sequence should be set to sample the narrowest
RF data pulse at least 10 times. Otherwise, significant edge jitter will be
added to the detected data pulse.
ASH Receiver Block Diagram & Timing Cycle
Antenna
SAW Filter
RFA1
P1
SAW
Delay Line
RFA2
P2
Detector &
Low-Pass
Filter
Data
Out
Pulse
Generator
RF Input
t
PW1
P1
RF Data Pulse
t
PRI
t
PRC
RFA1 Out
Delay Line
Out
t
PW2
P2
Figure 1
RF Monolithics, Inc.
Phone: (972) 233-2903
Fax: (972) 387-8148
RFM Europe
Phone: 44 1963 251383
Fax: 44 1963 251510
©1999 by RF Monolithics, Inc. The stylized RFM logo are registered trademarks of RF Monolithics, Inc.
E-mail: info@rfm.com
http://www.rfm.com
TR1004-070105
Page 4 of 12
ASH Transceiver Block Diagram
TX
IN
CN
CN
TRL1 TRL0
R
TXM
8
TX MOD
17
18
Power Down
Control
Modulation
& Bias Control
VCC1: Pin 2
VCC2: Pin 16
GND1: Pin 1
GND2: Pin 10
GND3: Pin 19
RREF: Pin 11
CMPIN: Pin 6
Log
Antenna
RFIO
20
Tuning
Tuning/ESD
TXA2
TXA1
BBOUT
Ref
DS2
SAW
CR Filter
RFA1
SAW
Delay Line
RFA2
Detector
Low-Pass
Filter
LPFADJ
9
R
LPF
BB
5
C
BBO
6
Peak
Detector
PKDET
4
C
PKD
dB Below
Peak Thld
AND
7
RXDATA
AGC Set
Gain Select
AGC
Ref
DS1
Thld
Threshold
Control
Pulse Generator
& RF Amp Bias
PRATE
14
R
PR
15 PWIDTH
R
PW
AGC
Control
AGCCAP
3
C
AGC
AGC Reset
THLD1
13
R
TH1
11
12
R
TH2
THLD2
R
REF
Figure 2
ASH Transceiver Block Diagram
Figure 2 is the general block diagram of the ASH transceiver. Please refer
to Figure 2 for the following discussions.
Antenna Port
The only external RF components needed for the transceiver are the an-
tenna and its matching components. Antennas presenting an impedance in
the range of 35 to 72 ohms resistive can be satisfactorily matched to the
RFIO pin with a series matching coil and a shunt matching/ESD protection
coil. Other antenna impedances can be matched using two or three com-
ponents. For some impedances, two inductors and a capacitor will be re-
quired. A DC path from RFIO to ground is required for ESD protection.
Receiver Chain
The output of the SAW filter drives amplifier RFA1. This amplifier includes
provisions for detecting the onset of saturation (AGC Set), and for switching
between 35 dB of gain and 5 dB of gain (Gain Select). AGC Set is an input
to the AGC Control function, and Gain Select is the AGC Control function
output. ON/OFF control to RFA1 (and RFA2) is generated by the Pulse
Generator & RF Amp Bias function. The output of RFA1 drives the SAW
delay line, which has a nominal delay of 0.5 µs.
The second amplifier, RFA2, provides 51 dB of gain below saturation. The
output of RFA2 drives a full-wave detector with 19 dB of threshold gain. The
onset of saturation in each section of RFA2 is detected and summed to pro-
vide a logarithmic response. This is added to the output of the full-wave de-
tector to produce an overall detector response that is square law for low
signal levels, and transitions into a log response for high signal levels. This
combination provides excellent threshold sensitivity and more than 70 dB
of detector dynamic range. In combination with the 30 dB of AGC range in
RFA1, more than 100 dB of receiver dynamic range is achieved.
The detector output drives a gyrator filter. The filter provides a three-pole,
0.05 degree equiripple low-pass response with excellent group delay flat-
ness and minimal pulse ringing. The 3 dB bandwidth of the filter can be set
from 4.5 kHz to 1.8 MHz with an external resistor.
The filter is followed by a base-band amplifier which boosts the detected
signal to the BBOUT pin. When the receiver RF amplifiers are operating at
a 50%-50% duty cycle, the BBOUT signal changes about 10 mV/dB, with
a peak-to-peak signal level of up to 685 mV. For lower duty cycles, the mV/
dB slope and peak-to-peak signal level are proportionately less. The de-
tected signal is riding on a 1.1 Vdc level that varies somewhat with supply
voltage, temperature, etc. BBOUT is coupled to the CMPIN pin or to an ex-
ternal data recovery process (DSP, etc.) by a series capacitor. The correct
value of the series capacitor depends on data rate, data run length, and
other factors as discussed in the
ASH Transceiver Designer’s Guide.
When an external data recovery process is used with AGC, BBOUT must
be coupled to the external data recovery process and CMPIN by separate
series coupling capacitors. The AGC reset function is driven by the signal
applied to CMPIN.
When the transceiver is placed in the power-down (sleep) or in a transmit
mode, the output impedance of BBOUT becomes very high. This feature
helps preserve the charge on the coupling capacitor to minimize data slicer
stabilization time when the transceiver switches back to the receive mode.
Data Slicers
The CMPIN pin drives two data slicers, which convert the analog signal
from BBOUT back into a digital stream. The best data slicer choice de-
pends on the system operating parameters. Data slicer DS1 is a capacitive-
ly-coupled comparator with provisions for an adjustable threshold. DS1
provides the best performance at low signal-to-noise conditions. The
RF Monolithics, Inc.
Phone: (972) 233-2903
Fax: (972) 387-8148
RFM Europe
Phone: 44 1963 251383
Fax: 44 1963 251510
©1999 by RF Monolithics, Inc. The stylized RFM logo are registered trademarks of RF Monolithics, Inc.
E-mail: info@rfm.com
http://www.rfm.com
TR1004-070105
Page 5 of 12
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