earizers (RFPAL™) that provide improved correction and
functionality over the previous generations. The SC1894
is a fully adaptive, RFin/RFout predistortion linearization
solution optimized for a wide range of amplifiers, power
levels, and communication protocols. The SC1894 uses
the PA output and input signals to adaptively generate
an optimized correction function in order to minimize the
PA’s self-generated distortion and impairments. Using
RF-domain analog signal processing enables the SC1894
to operate over wide-signal bandwidths and consume
very low power.
The SC1894 goes beyond linearization and provides
accurate RF power measurement of RFIN and RFFB.
Design support features including spectral monitoring
and ACLR alarm are also available. These design sup-
port features are accessed through the SC1894’s serial
peripheral interface (SPI) bus.
Features
●
RFin/RFout PA Linearizer SoC in Standard CMOS
• Fully Adaptive Correction
• Up to 28dB ACLR and 38dB IMD Improvement
*
● External Reference Clock Support:
• 10, 13, 15.36, 19.2, 20, 26, and 30.72MHz
●
Low Power Consumption:
• Duty-Cycled (9%) Feedback: 600mW
• Full Adaptation: 1200mW
●
Frequency Range: 225MHz to 3800MHz
●
Input Signal Bandwidth: 1.2MHz to 75MHz
● Packaged in 9mm x 9mm QFN Package
●
Operating Case Temperature: -40°C to +105°C
●
Fully RoHS Compliant, Green Materials
●
Dual-RF Power Measurement
Benefits
Applications
●
Cellular Infrastructure (SC1894A-00C13)
• Single/Multicarrier, Multistandard: CDMA/EVDO,
TD-SCDMA, WiMAX
®
, WCDMA/HSDPA, LTE, and
TD-LTE
•
BTS Amplifiers, RRH, Booster Amplifiers,
Repeaters, Small Cells, Microcells, Picocells,
DAS, AAS, and MIMO Systems
●
Microwave Backhaul (SC1894A-00M13)
• BPSK, QPSK, Up to 1024-QAM
• IF-to-RF Outdoor Unit (ODU)
• Support for Adaptive Coding and Modulation
(ACM) and Automatic Transmit Power Control
(ATPC) Up to 100dB/s
●
Broadcast Infrastructure (SC1894A-00C13)
• UHF Digital Broadcast
• DVB-T/H/T2, CMMB, ISDB-T and ATSC
• Other Applications: Digital Terrestrial UHF
Amplifiers, Exciters, Drivers and Transmitters
●
Wide Range of PAs and Output Power
•
Amplifier: Class A/AB and Doherty
• PA Process: LDMOS, GaN, GaAs, and InGaP
•
Average PA Output Power Examples:
Cellular Infrastructure: Up to 49dBm
Terrestrial Broadcast: Up to 60dBm
●
Any Application Requiring PA Linearization
●
Ease of Use
• Integrated RFin/RFout Solution
• Reduced FW Development
●
Reduces System Power Consumption and OPEX
●
Reduces BOM Costs, Area, and Total Volume
• Smaller Power Supply, Heat Sink, and Enclosure
• Eliminates Microcontroller and Power Detectors
• Small Implementation Size (< 6.5cm
2
)
●
Field-Proven, Carrier Class Reliability
Ordering Information
and
Application Block Diagram
appears at end of data sheet.
*Performance dependent on amplifier, bias, and waveform.
19-6957; Rev 0.4; 12/14
SC1894
225MHz to 3800MHz RF Power
Amplifier Linearizer (RFPAL)
from the +25°C performance uses the performance of a
given device and waveform type as the reference. This
error is largely dominated by output variations associated
with temperature.
The PMU codes are represented as 16-bit signed integer
and are converted to dBm (referenced to the balun input)
using the following formula:
For RFIN:
P[Balun](dBm)
=
RFIN PMU (CODE)
×
3.01
1024
Detailed Description
Introduction to Predistortion Using the SC1894
Wideband signals in today’s telecommunications systems
have high peak-to-average ratios and stringent spectral
regrowth specifications. These specifications place high
linearity demands on power amplifiers. Linearity may
be achieved by backing off output power at the price of
reducing efficiency. However, this increases the compo-
nent and operating costs of the power amplifier. Better
linearity may be achieved through the use of digital pre-
distortion and other linearization techniques, but many of
these are time consuming and costly to implement.
Wireless service providers are deploying networks with
wider coverage, greater subscriber density, and higher
data rates. These networks require more efficient power
amplifiers. Additionally, the emergence of distributed
architectures and active antenna systems is driving the
need for smaller and more efficient power amplifier imple-
mentations. Further, there continues to be a strong push
toward reducing the total capital and operating costs of
base stations.
With the SC1894, the complex signal processing is done
in the RF domain. This results in a simple system-on-chip
that offers wide signal bandwidth, broad frequency of
operation, and very low power consumption. It is an ele-
gant solution that reduces development costs and speeds
time to market. Applicable across a broad range of signals
— including 2G, 3G, 4G wireless, and other modulation
types — the powerful analog signal-processing engine
is capable of linearizing the most efficient power ampli-
fier topologies. The SC1894 is a true RFin and RFout
solution, supporting modular power amplifier designs
that are independent of the baseband and transceiver
subsystems. The SC1894 delivers the required efficiency
and performance demanded by today’s wireless systems.
+
OFFSET
RFIN
(dBm)
For RFFB:
P[Balun](dBm)
=
RFFB PMU (CODE)
×
3.01
1024
+
OFFSET
RFFB
(dBm)
The OFFSET
RFIN
and OFFSET
RFFB
are dependent on
end-system characteristics and also on the part-to-part
variation of the RFPAL. For absolute accuracy, the PMU
calibration procedure outlined in the release notes and
SPI programming guide must be followed.
Measurement Considerations
In order to provide sufficient integration samples to allow
precise measurements of signals, the default integration
time (measurement window) is fixed to 40ms. Note that if
the measurement window is not a multiple of the system
frame length, then the power-measurement window will
span an incomplete frame and cause a measurement
error. However; the synchronization of the frame and
measurement window is not required to achieve precise
measurements.
RF Power Management Unit (PMU)
Description
Analysis
The RFIN and RFFB log slope and intercept are derived
using a linear regression performed on data collected
under nominal operating conditions. The error from linear
response to the CW waveform is the dB difference in out-
put from the ideal output. This is a measure of the linearity
of the device response to both CW and modulated wave-
forms. Error from the linear response to the CW waveform
is a measure of relative accuracy because the system has
yet to be calibrated. However, it verifies the linearity and
the effect of modulation on the device response. Error
TDD Considerations—Operation with < 100%
PA Duty Cycle
The PMU fully supports accurate measurement of TDD
waveforms. The PMU does not differentiate between
samples taken when the PA is on versus when the PA is
off. Though easily compensated, this condition will affect
the reading for waveforms with less than 100% duty cycle
(e.g., TDD applications). For example, the PMU value
read for a 50% duty-cycle waveform will be 3dB lower
than the value for the same signal but with a 100% duty
cycle. Calculating the offset associated with TDD mea-
surements is straightforward and may be handled by the
PMU depending on the system requirements. Refer to the
Release Notes for additional details on different methods.
www.maximintegrated.com
Maxim Integrated │
2
SC1894
225MHz to 3800MHz RF Power
Amplifier Linearizer (RFPAL)
Application Block Diagram
VDD
ANTENNA
INPUT COUPLER
RFIN
CPL
IN
NO DELAY TO 6NS
CORRECTION
COUPLER
PA
FEEDBACK COUPLER
CIRCULATOR / FILTER /
DUPLEXER
DELAY
SC1894
RFINP
RFINN
RFOUTP
RFOUTN
RFOUT
CPL
OUT
RECEIVER
BALUN
BALUN
EXT. CLOCK
XTALI
XTALO
OPTIONAL CRYSTAL
1.8V
3.3V
DI/O
RFFBP
RFFBN
SPI
BALUN
RFFB
ATTENUATOR
REGULATOR
SUPPLY
OPTIONAL DIGITAL
I/OS
SERIAL INTERFACE
Microwave Block Diagram
ANTENNA
INPUT COUPLER
RFIN
IF INPUT
225MHz–3.8GHz
CPL
IN
DELAY
(0 – 4NS)
CORRECTION
COUPLER
RFOUT
UP
CONVERT
FEEDBACK COUPLER
FILTER/DUPLEXER
CPL
OUT
PA
RFPAL
BALUN
RFINP
RFINN
RFOUTP
RFOUTN
BALUN
LO
TO RECEIVER
XTALI
CRYSTAL
OSCILLATOR
RFFBP
RFFBN
BALUN
RFFB
DOWN CONVERT
ATTENUATOR
XTALO
1.8V
3.3V
SPI
REGULATOR
SUPPLY
SERIAL INTERFACE
www.maximintegrated.com
Maxim Integrated │
3
SC1894
225MHz to 3800MHz RF Power
Amplifier Linearizer (RFPAL)
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Supply Voltage (VDD33 to GND) .........................-0.3V to +3.8V
Supply Voltage (VDD18 to GND) .........................-0.2V to +2.2V
Input Voltage (1.8V pins) ........................ -0.2V to VDD18 + 0.2V
Input Voltage (3.3V pins) ........................ -0.3V to VDD33 + 0.3V
Input into the BALUN (RMS) ............................................+7dBm
Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature ........................................ -65°C to +150°C
Operating Rating
Operating Case Temperature……………………-40°C to +105°C
Warning:
Any stress beyond the ranges indicated may damage the device permanently. The specified stress ratings do not imply functional performance in these ranges. Exposure of the device
to the absolute maximum ratings for extended periods of time is likely to degrade the reliability of this product.
DC Characteristics
PARAMETER
Supply Voltage (VDD33 to GND)
Supply Voltage (VDD18 to GND)
Supply Peak Current (VDD33 to GND) (Notes 1, 2, 3, 4)
Supply Peak Current (VDD18 to GND) (Notes 1, 2, 3, 4)
Average Power Dissipation: Full-Scale Adaptation, Track and AF (Notes 2, 3, 4)
Average Power Dissipation: Duty-Cycled Feedback (Notes 2, 4, 5)
Note 1:
Note
Note
Note
Note
2:
3:
4:
5:
MIN
3.1
1.7
TYP
3.3
1.8
100
840
1200
600
MAX
3.5
1.9
120
900
1400
UNITS
V
V
mA
mA
mW
mW
Peak current includes supply decoupling network. Refer to Hardware Design Guide for proper sizing of the on-board
regulators.
Characterized at typical voltages, +25°C operating case temperature, and 20MHz input signal BW.
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Embedded System
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