Application Guide for Mobile
Communication
About this Application Guide
This Application Guide for Mobile Communication describes recent trends in Mobile Radio Frequency (RF)
applications and includes suggestions for using the latest Infineon products. It is a reference book to help
mobile phone design experts to find the right parts easily for building high-performance RF Front Ends (FEs).
The following subjects are covered within this guide:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Overview of Infineon Technologies AG's RF mobile product portfolio
RF switches in mobile phones and wireless systems
Antenna Tuning Switches for tunable mobile antenna systems
Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) for mobile RF FE
Low Noise Amplifiers and other RF devices for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
RF devices for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), unlicensed Long-Term Evolution (LTE-U) and
Licensed Assisted Access (LAA)
7. RF devices for mobile FM radio and mobile TV
8. Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) protection devices for digital and RF interfaces in mobile phones
Application Guide for Mobile Communication
Infineon Technologies
Infineon Technologies
A Leading Company in RF and Sensors
Infineon Technologies focuses on the three central challenges facing modern society: Energy Efficiency, Mobility and
Security. It offers semiconductor components and system solutions for automotive, consumer, industrial, power
supplies, smart-card and security, and various other applications. Infineon’s products stand out for their reliability,
their quality and their innovative and leading-edge technologies in analog and mixed signal, RF and power, as well as
embedded control. Please visit
www.infineon.com
to learn more about the broad product portfolio of Infineon
Technologies.
With its technologies and design expertise, Infineon is the market leader in its chosen segments. Infineon has more
than 60 years of experience in developing RF products for numerous applications and always plays a leading role
delivering high-performance and cost-effective products to the market.
Infineon’s RF and Sensors (RFS) business unit has evolved over the years from a supplier of standard RF discrete
components—such as transistors and diodes—to an advanced portfolio of innovative and differentiated products
including application-specific Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuits (MMICs), millimeter-wave transceivers, RF
power amplifiers, sensors and ESD protection components. Please visit
www.infineon.com
under the categories “RF
&
Wireless Control”,
“Sensor” or “ESD,
Surge and Fuse”
to learn more.
The RFS application guides are easy-to-use tools primarily meant for engineers to guide them efficiently to the right
devices for their systems. These application guides are updated frequently to include the latest applications and
trends. Each guide focuses on one of our major market segments:
1. Application Guide for Mobile Communication:
2. Application Guide for Industrial Applications:
3. Application Guide for Protection:
www.infineon.com/appguide_rf_mobile
www.infineon.com/appguide_rf_industrial
www.infineon.com/appguide_esd_protection
Our application experts worldwide are always ready to support you to design your systems with our devices. Please
contact
Infineon’s Regional Offices
or one of
Infineon Worldwide Distribution Partners
in your area to get all the
support you might need.
Kind Regards,
Dr. Heinrich Heiss
Head of Application Engineering
Multimarket & mmW
Dr. Chih-I Lin
Head of Application Engineering
RF Mobile
1
Application Guide for Mobile Communication
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Infi neon Technologies ............................................................................................................................... 1
1
2
3
3.1
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.3.5
3.3.6
3.4
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.5
3.5.1
3.5.2
3.5.3
3.5.4
4
4.1
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.3
4.4
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
6
6.1
6.1.1
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.2
Infineon’s RF and Protection Devices for Mobile Communication ................................................. 4
Infineon’s RF Front-End Architecture for Mobile Devices ............................................................. 10
High-/Medium-Power Switches for Mobile Phone and Wireless System ...................................... 16
Key Challenges of Antenna Switches in Modern Mobile Applications ............................................ 18
MIPI Control Interfaces for Mobile Phone Industry .......................................................................... 20
MIPI RFFE – Mobile Industry Processor Interface for RF Front-End Devices ............................. 20
Specification V1.10 of MIPI Alliance ............................................................................................ 21
High- and Medium-Power RF Switches ............................................................................................ 23
Antenna Switch Modules for Main Path ..................................................................................... 23
Ultra-High Linearity Switches ..................................................................................................... 24
Diversity Antenna Switches ........................................................................................................ 24
Band-selection Switches in a Single-ended Configuration ....................................................... 26
Cross Switches ............................................................................................................................ 27
Band-selection Switches in a Differential Configuration .......................................................... 28
Antenna Tuning Switches ................................................................................................................. 29
Antenna Impedance Matching.................................................................................................... 29
Antenna Aperture Tuning ........................................................................................................... 30
System Approach to Aperture Tuning ........................................................................................ 30
Key Parameters of Antenna Tuning Switches ............................................................................ 32
PIN Diode Switches ........................................................................................................................... 36
Antenna Switch with PIN Diodes and Power Detection with Schottky Diodes ........................ 37
Ultra-Low-Harmonic-Generation Band Switch with PIN Diodes............................................... 38
Antenna Switching with PIN Diodes (I) ....................................................................................... 38
Antenna Tuning with PIN Diodes (II) .......................................................................................... 39
High-sensitivity Mobile RF Front-End with Low Noise Amplifiers ................................................. 40
Key Challenges of LNAs in Mobile Applications ............................................................................... 42
Single-band LNAs and Multiple-band LNA Banks ............................................................................ 43
Single-band LNAs ........................................................................................................................ 43
Multiple-Band LNA Banks ........................................................................................................... 44
LNA Multiplexer Modules (LMM) for Carrier Aggregation ................................................................. 44
LNAs for 3.5 GHz TD-LTE.................................................................................................................... 47
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ............................................................................................ 48
Key Features of GNSS Low Noise Amplifiers .................................................................................... 49
System Challenges for Modern GNSS Reception in Mobile Devices ................................................ 49
RF Front-End Devices for GNSS......................................................................................................... 53
Wireless-LAN, Unlicensed LTE (LTE-U) and Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) ................................. 54
Wireless-LAN Applications ................................................................................................................ 54
Key Features of WLAN Rx Front-End Devices ............................................................................. 56
Dual-Band (2.4/5.0 GHz) WLAN (IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n) Front-End............................................... 57
MIMO Configurations for WLAN (IEEE 802.11b/g/n and IEEE 802.11a/n/ac) Applications ....... 58
WLAN (IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n) Front-End Devices.......................................................................... 59
Unlicensed LTE (LTE-U) and Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) .......................................................... 61
2
Application Guide for Mobile Communication
Table of Contents
6.2.1
6.2.2
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
LTE-U and LAA as data rate booster for LTE-A ........................................................................... 61
LTE-U and LAA Front-End Devices .............................................................................................. 62
FM Radio and Mobile TV ............................................................................................................... 64
FM Radio with Embedded Antenna .................................................................................................. 65
TV Reception in Mobile Phones ........................................................................................................ 67
TV Reception with Band Selection Switch ....................................................................................... 68
FM and TV Reception in Mobile Phones with Band Selection Switch ............................................. 69
ESD and ESD/EMI Interface Protection ......................................................................................... 70
Interface Protection with TVS Protection Diodes ............................................................................ 71
Interface Protection with Integrated ESD/EMI Devices ................................................................... 73
Near-Field Communication............................................................................................................... 74
Surge protection for the battery charger port ................................................................................. 77
Abbreviations.................................................................................................................................................. 78
Alphanumerical List of Symbols ..................................................................................................................... 79
Package Information ...................................................................................................................................... 80
Support Material ............................................................................................................................................. 82
3
Application Guide for Mobile Communication
Infineon’s RF and Protection Devices for Mobile Communication
1
Infineon’s RF and Protection Devices for Mobile
Communication
Mobile phones represent the largest worldwide market in terms of both volume and number of applications
on a single platform today. More than 1.5 billion phones are shipped per year worldwide. The major wireless
functions in a typical mobile phone include a 2G/3G/4G (GSM/EDGE/CDMA/UMTS/WCDMA/LTE/LTE-A/TD-
SCDMA/TD-LTE) cellular modem, and wireless connectivity systems such as Wireless Local Area Network
(WLAN), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), broadcasting receivers, and Near-Field Communication
(NFC).
Moving towards 4G Long-Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A), the number of LTE bands has exploded in the
last few years. Currently, there are 51 LTE bands in use worldwide. The following table, derived from the
latest release of 3GPP TS 36.101 V13.3.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) - User
Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception” in March 2016, shows the LTE band numbers with
uplink/downlink frequency ranges and their related multiplexing methods:
Band No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Band
Definition
Mid-Band
Mid-Band
Mid-Band
Mid-Band
Low-Band
Low-Band
High-Band
Low-Band
Mid-Band
Mid-Band
Mid-Band
Low-Band
Low-Band
Low-Band
Uplink Frequency
Range
1920-1980 MHz
1850-1910 MHz
1710-1785 MHz
1710-1755 MHz
824-849 MHz
830-840 MHz
2500-2570 MHz
880-915 MHz
1749.9-1784.9 MHz
1710-1770 MHz
1427.9-1452.9 MHz
698-716 MHz
777-787 MHz
788-798 MHz
reserved
reserved
Downlink Frequency
Range
2110-2170 MHz
1930-1990 MHz
1805-1880 MHz
2110-2155 MHz
869-894 MHz
875-885 MHz
2620-2690 MHz
925-960 MHz
1844.9-1879.9 MHz
2110-2170 MHz
1475.9-1500.9 MHz
728-746 MHz
746-756 MHz
758-768 MHz
reserved
Reserved
734-746 MHz
860-875 MHz
4
FDD/TDD
System
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
FDD
Comment
Low-Band
Low-Band
704-716 MHz
815-830 MHz
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