Application Guide for Mobile
Communication
Edition 2018
About this Application Guide
This Application Guide for Mobile Communication describes recent trends in Mobile Radio
Frequency (RF) applications and includes suggestions for using the latest Infineon products. It is a
reference book to help mobile phone design experts to find the right parts easily for building high-
performance RF Front Ends (FEs). The following subjects are covered within this guide:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Overview of Infineon Technologies AG's RF mobile product portfolio
RF switches in mobile phones and wireless systems
Antenna tuning switches for tunable mobile antenna systems
Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) and other RF devices for mobile phones
RF devices for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
RF devices for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), unlicensed Long-Term Evolution (LTE-
U) and Licensed Assisted Access (LAA)
7. RF devices for mobile FM radio and mobile TV
8. Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) protection devices for digital and RF interfaces in mobile
communication devices
Application Guide for Mobile Communication
Infineon Technologies
Infineon Technologies
A Leading Company in RF and Sensors
Infineon Technologies focuses on the three central challenges facing modern society:
Energy Efficiency, Mobility,
Security and IoT & Big Data.
It offers semiconductor components and system solutions for automotive, consumer,
industrial, power supplies, smart-card and security, and various other applications. Infineon’s products stand out for
their reliability, their quality and their innovative and leading-edge technologies in analog and mixed signal, RF and
power, as well as embedded control. Please visit
www.infineon.com
to learn more about the broad product portfolio of
Infineon Technologies.
With its technologies and design expertise, Infineon is the market leader in its chosen segments. Infineon has more than
60 years of experience in developing RF products for numerous applications and always plays a leading role delivering
high-performance and cost-effective products to the market.
Infineon’s Radio Frequency & Sensors (RFS) business unit has evolved over the years from supplying standard RF
discrete components to providing an advanced portfolio of innovative and differentiated products including
application-specific Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuits (MMICs), millimeter-wave (mmW) transceivers, a large
variety of high-end sensors and ESD protection components. RFS solutions for mobile device, cellular infrastructure,
sensing, radar & 3D imaging applications shape the way we live and work. Please visit
www.infineon.com,
and under
“Products” follow the links “RF
& Wireless Control”,
“Sensor” or “ESD
and Surge Protection”
to learn more.
The application guide for mobile communication is an easy-to-use tool primarily meant for engineers to guide you
efficiently to the right devices for your systems. It is available for download at below website:
Application Guide for Mobile Communication:
www.infineon.com/appguide_rf_mobile
In this document, we have summarized the major available application circuits and their performance for the key
application area Mobile Communication. For your convenience, the Internet product pages can be reached by simply
clicking on any device name in the tables of recommended devices.
Our application experts worldwide are always ready to help you design your systems with our devices. Please contact
Infineon’s Regional Offices
or one of
Infineon Worldwide Distribution Partners
in your area to get all the support you
might need.
Kind regards,
Mathias Wolfmueller
Head of Application Engineering
RF Communication
Dr. Heinrich Heiss
Head of Application Engineering
3D-sensing & Discretes
1
Application Guide for Mobile Communication
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Edition 2018 ........................................................................................................................................................... 1
Infineon Technologie s .......................................................................................................... 1
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.3.2
2.3.3
3
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.3
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.4
4
4.1
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.3
4.4
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
6
6.1
6.1.1
Infineon’s RF and Protection Devices for Mobile Communication .................................... 5
Key Trends in Mobile Communication .............................................................................................. 5
Infineon Product Portfolio for Mobile Phones and Wireless Systems .............................................. 8
Infineon's Design-in Support ............................................................................................................. 9
Infineon’s RF FE Architecture for LTE Systems ............................................................. 11
Infineon’s Single-Antenna RF FE Supporting up to 5 Downlink CA Solutions ............................... 11
Infineon’s Dual-Antenna RF FE Supporting up to 5 Downlink CA Solutions: ................................. 12
Infineon’s RF FE Supporting up to 2 Uplink CA Solutions: .............................................................. 13
Infineon’s Single-antenna RF FE CA Solution............................................................................ 14
Infineon’s Dual-antenna RF FE CA Solution .............................................................................. 14
High and Medium-Power Switches for Mobile Phones and Wireless Systems ................... 16
Key Challenges of Antenna Switches in Modern Mobile Applications ........................................... 16
Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI) for Mobile Phones ................................................ 18
MIPI RF FE for RF Front-End Devices in Mobile Phones ............................................................ 18
Specification V2.10 of MIPI Alliance ........................................................................................... 20
High- and Medium-Power RF Switches ........................................................................................... 21
Ultra-High Linearity Switches .................................................................................................... 21
Diversity Antenna Switches ....................................................................................................... 21
Band-selection Switches in a Single-ended Configuration ...................................................... 23
Cross Switches ........................................................................................................................... 24
Antenna Tuning Switches ................................................................................................................ 25
Antenna Impedance Matching................................................................................................... 25
Antenna Aperture Tuning .......................................................................................................... 26
System Approach to Aperture Tuning ....................................................................................... 26
Key Parameters of Antenna Tuning Switches ........................................................................... 27
PIN Diode Switches for Wireless Systems ....................................................................................... 31
Low Noise Amplifiers for Mobile Phone RF Front-Ends .................................................. 33
Key Challenges of LNAs in Mobile Applications .............................................................................. 34
Single-band LNAs and Multiple-band LNA Banks ........................................................................... 35
Single-band LNAs ....................................................................................................................... 35
MIPI-RFFE LNA with Gain Control .............................................................................................. 36
LNA Multiplexer Modules (LMM) for Carrier Aggregation ................................................................ 37
LNAs for 3.5 GHz TD-LTE................................................................................................................... 39
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ........................................................................... 40
Application and Technical Trends ................................................................................................... 40
Key Challenges for Modern GNSS Reception in Mobile Devices ..................................................... 41
Key Features of GNSS Front-End Devices ........................................................................................ 43
RF Front-End Devices for GNSS........................................................................................................ 44
Wireless-LAN, Unlicensed LTE (LTE-U) and Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) ...................... 45
Wireless-LAN Applications ............................................................................................................... 45
Key Features of WLAN Rx Front-End Devices ............................................................................ 46
2
Application Guide for Mobile Communication
Table of Contents
6.1.2
6.1.3
6.1.4
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.2
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
8
8.1
8.2
Dual-Band (2.4/5.0 GHz) WLAN (IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n) Front-End.............................................. 47
MIMO Configurations for WLAN (IEEE 802.11b/g/n & IEEE 802.11a/n/ac) Applications .......... 48
WLAN (IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n) Front-End Devices......................................................................... 49
Unlicensed LTE (LTE-U) and Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) ......................................................... 50
LTE-U and LAA as Data Rate Booster for LTE-A ......................................................................... 50
LTE-U and LAA Front-End Devices ............................................................................................. 51
FM Radio and Mobile TV ............................................................................................ 53
FM Radio with Embedded Antenna ................................................................................................. 53
TV Reception in Mobile Phones ....................................................................................................... 55
FM and TV Reception in Mobile Phones with Band Selection Switch ............................................ 56
Interface protection against ESD/Surge ...................................................................... 57
ESD Protection ................................................................................................................................. 57
Surge Protection for the Battery Charger Port................................................................................ 60
Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... 61
Alphanumerical List of Symbols ................................................................................................. 62
Package Information ................................................................................................................ 63
Support Material ...................................................................................................................... 65
List of Figures
1
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20
Figure 21
Figure 22
Figure 23
Figure 24
Figure 25
Figure 26
Overview of Infineon’s products for mobile devices RF Frontend ................................................... 8
Overview of Infineon’s ESD protection devices ................................................................................ 9
Simulation test bench evaluating the effect of an Infineon RF FE on the system ......................... 10
Block diagram and implemented hardware for verification .......................................................... 10
Single-antenna downlink RF FE architecture for up to 5 CA’s ........................................................ 12
RF FE architecture for Dual-antenna downlink up to 5 CA’s ........................................................... 13
Block diagram of Inter-Band CA with single-antenna..................................................................... 14
Block diagram of Inter-Band CA with dual-antenna ....................................................................... 14
CA Band 1 and Band 3 IMD analysis using system-level simulation ............................................... 15
CA Band 1 and Band 3 IMD analysis using system level simulation ............................................... 15
Typical RF FE in a mobile phone ...................................................................................................... 17
Overview of MIPI interfaces on a mobile phone platform .............................................................. 19
Typical MIPI RFFE bus in a mobile phone ........................................................................................ 20
Example of MIPI RFFE interfaces in a mobile phone ....................................................................... 20
Example of TD-LTE band for diversity path ..................................................................................... 21
Band switching with CMOS SPDT switch ......................................................................................... 23
LTE Band-1/Band-4 switching with CMOS SPDT switch ................................................................. 23
An example of cross switch application .......................................................................................... 24
Antenna impedance matching ........................................................................................................ 25
Antenna aperture tuning.................................................................................................................. 26
System diagram for antenna aperture tuning ................................................................................ 26
Circuit diagram for aperture tuning ................................................................................................ 27
EM Simulation .................................................................................................................................. 27
Low voltage tuning case .................................................................................................................. 28
High voltage tuning case .................................................................................................................. 28
Low voltage tuning case .................................................................................................................. 29
3
Application Guide for Mobile Communication
Table of Contents
Figure 27
Figure 28
Figure 29
Figure 30
Figure 31
Figure 32
Figure 33
Figure 34
Figure 35
Figure 36
Figure 37
Figure 38
Figure 39
Figure 40
Figure 41
Figure 42
Figure 43
Figure 44
Figure 45
Figure 46
Figure 47
Figure 48
Figure 49
Figure 50
Figure 51
High voltage tuning case .................................................................................................................. 29
Basic PIN diode switch configurations ............................................................................................ 31
Application a: Ultra-Low-Harmonic-Generation band switch with PIN-diodes............................ 32
Application b,c: Antenna selection and length modification with PIN-diodes .............................. 32
Application d: Antenna tuning with PIN-diodes.............................................................................. 32
Block diagram of a 3G/4G modem ................................................................................................... 33
Three single-band LNAs implemented in the diversity path .......................................................... 35
Multi gain state LNA implemented in the main path ...................................................................... 36
LNA multiplexer module implemented in the diversity path ......................................................... 37
LNAs for 3.5 GHz TD-LTE................................................................................................................... 39
Frequency allocation GNSS systems, upper L bands and lower L bands ...................................... 40
Noise figure desensitization effect caused by jammer signal ........................................................ 41
Block diagram for the LTE Band 13 second harmonic interference ............................................... 42
GNSS system supporting L1 and L5 bands ...................................................................................... 44
Dual-band (2.4/5.0 GHz) WLAN (IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n) FE ................................................................. 47
Dual-band (2.4/5.0 GHz) WLAN (IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n) FE with bypass LNAs ................................... 47
Dual-band (2.4/5.0 GHz) WLAN (IEEE 802.11b/g/n and 802.11a/n/ac N x N MIMO FE with dual-
band antennas, dual-band TX and RX paths using dual-band LNAs .............................................. 48
LTE FDD operation supported by LAA and LTE-U techniques using link aggregation or CA ......... 51
Block diagram of a 5-GHz LAA to support common FDD operation using CA ................................ 51
Application a: FM reception only ..................................................................................................... 53
Application b: FM transmit/receive function block ......................................................................... 54
Block diagram of a Mobile TV RF FE ................................................................................................. 55
Block diagram of a FM/Mobile TV RF FE with band selection switch ............................................. 56
Interface protection with discrete ESD protection ......................................................................... 58
Mobile device charging interface (Quick Charge, USB-PD) ............................................................ 60
List of Tables
Table 1
Table 2
LTE Uplink and Downlink Frequencies .............................................................................................. 7
Summary of 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/ad/af/ah Standards ...................................................................... 45
4
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