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AN4071: DescriptionIntroduction to comparators, their parameters and basic; File Size452KB，27 Pages; ManufacturerSTMicroelectronics; Websitehttp://www.st.com/

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Introduction to comparators, their parameters and basic

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AN4071

Application note

Introduction to comparators, their parameters and basic

applications

By Radim Smat

Introduction

After operational amplifiers (op amps), comparators are the most generally used analog,

simple integrated circuits.

Operational amplifiers are well described in many publications and a lot of information can

be found regarding the design and proper use of these devices. On the other hand,

information concerning comparators is much harder to find as they are often considered as

simple devices. This note explains the main parameters of comparators and their limitations

from an application point of view.

Figure 1.

TS332 and TS334 micropower low-voltage rail-to-rail comparators

October 2012

Doc ID 022939 Rev 1

1/27

www.st.com

AN4071

List of figures

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Figure 8.

Figure 9.

Figure 10.

Figure 11.

Figure 12.

Figure 13.

Figure 14.

Figure 15.

Figure 16.

Figure 17.

Figure 18.

Figure 19.

Figure 20.

Figure 21.

Figure 22.

Figure 23.

Figure 24.

Figure 25.

Figure 26.

Figure 27.

Figure 28.

TS332 and TS334 micropower low-voltage rail-to-rail comparators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Comparator pinout example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Signal comparison by TS3011 with built-in hysteresis

(blue IN+, green IN-, red OUT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Open drain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Push-pull. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Wired-OR configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Voltage marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Input-trip point V

TRIP

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Input offset voltage V

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

TRIP

) measurement circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

TS3011 trip point voltage vs. common mode voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

PLH

diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

PHL

diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

TS3011 T

vs. overdrive voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

TS3011 T

vs. input common mode voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Circuit for T

measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Trip point voltage definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Input hysteresis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Non-inverting comparator with hysteresis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Inverting comparator with hysteresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Hysteresis circuit example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Dynamical hysteresis circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Device oscillation without C

capacitor (green OUT, blue IN+), time scale 500 ns/div. . . 20

Case with C

(green OUT, blue IN+), time scale 500 ns/div. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Zoom of the signal (green OUT, blue IN+), time scale 20 ns/div. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Relaxation oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Window comparator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Temperature control circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Doc ID 022939 Rev 1

3/27

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