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TL431, TL431A, TL431B
TL432, TL432A, TL432B
SLVS543O – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED JANUARY 2015
TL43xx Precision Programmable Reference
1 Features
1
3 Description
The TL431 and TL432 devices are three-terminal
adjustable shunt regulators, with specified thermal
stability over applicable automotive, commercial, and
military temperature ranges. The output voltage can
be set to any value between V
ref
(approximately
2.5 V) and 36 V, with two external resistors. These
devices have a typical output impedance of 0.2
Ω.
Active output circuitry provides a very sharp turn-on
characteristic, making these devices excellent
replacements for Zener diodes in many applications,
such as onboard regulation, adjustable power
supplies, and switching power supplies. The TL432
device has exactly the same functionality and
electrical specifications as the TL431 device, but has
different pinouts for the DBV, DBZ, and PK packages.
Both the TL431 and TL432 devices are offered in
three grades, with initial tolerances (at 25°C) of 0.5%,
1%, and 2%, for the B, A, and standard grade,
respectively. In addition, low output drift versus
temperature ensures good stability over the entire
temperature range.
The TL43xxC devices are characterized for operation
from 0°C to 70°C, the TL43xxI devices are
characterized for operation from –40°C to 85°C, and
the TL43xxQ devices are characterized for operation
from –40°C to 125°C.
Device Information
(1)
PART NUMBER
PACKAGE (PIN)
SOT-23-3 (3)
SOT-23-5 (5)
TL43xx
SOIC (8)
PDIP (8)
SOP (8)
BODY SIZE (NOM)
2.90 mm x 1.30 mm
2.90 mm x 1.60 mm
4.90 mm x 3.90 mm
9.50 mm x 6.35 mm
6.20 mm x 5.30 mm
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Reference Voltage Tolerance at 25°C
– 0.5% (B Grade)
– 1% (A Grade)
– 2% (Standard Grade)
Adjustable Output Voltage: V
ref
to 36 V
Operation From
−40°C
to 125°C
Typical Temperature Drift (TL431B)
– 6 mV (C Temp)
– 14 mV (I Temp, Q Temp)
Low Output Noise
0.2-Ω Typical Output Impedance
Sink-Current Capability: 1 mA to 100 mA
2 Applications
Adjustable Voltage and Current Referencing
Secondary Side Regulation in Flyback SMPSs
Zener Replacement
Voltage Monitoring
Comparator with Integrated Reference
(1) For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at
the end of the data sheet.
4 Simplified Schematic
Input
I
KA
V
KA
V
ref
1
An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications,
intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.
TL431, TL431A, TL431B
TL432, TL432A, TL432B
SLVS543O – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED JANUARY 2015
www.ti.com
Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Features
..................................................................
Applications
...........................................................
Description
.............................................................
Simplified Schematic.............................................
Revision History.....................................................
Pin Configuration and Functions
.........................
Specifications.........................................................
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
1
1
1
1
2
3
4
8
9
Parameter Measurement Information
................
18
Detailed Description
............................................
19
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
Overview .................................................................
Functional Block Diagram .......................................
Feature Description.................................................
Device Functional Modes........................................
19
19
20
20
10 Applications and Implementation......................
21
10.1 Application Information..........................................
21
10.2 Typical Applications ..............................................
21
10.3 System Examples .................................................
26
Absolute Maximum Ratings ......................................
4
ESD Ratings..............................................................
4
Thermal Information ..................................................
4
Recommended Operating Conditions.......................
4
Electrical Characteristics, TL431C, TL432C .............
5
Electrical Characteristics, TL431I, TL432I ................
6
Electrical Characteristics, TL431Q, TL432Q.............
7
Electrical Characteristics, TL431AC, TL432AC ........
8
Electrical Characteristics, TL431AI, TL432AI ...........
9
Electrical Characteristics, TL431AQ, TL432AQ....
10
Electrical Characteristics, TL431BC, TL432BC ....
11
Electrical Characteristics, TL431BI, TL432BI .......
12
Electrical Characteristics, TL431BQ, TL432BQ....
13
Typical Characteristics ..........................................
14
11 Power Supply Recommendations
.....................
29
12 Layout...................................................................
29
12.1 Layout Guidelines .................................................
29
12.2 Layout Example ....................................................
29
13 Device and Documentation Support
.................
30
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
Related Links ........................................................
Trademarks ...........................................................
Electrostatic Discharge Caution ............................
Glossary ................................................................
30
30
30
30
14 Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
Information
...........................................................
30
5 Revision History
Changes from Revision N (January 2014) to Revision O
•
Page
Added
Applications, Device Information
table,
Pin Functions
table,
ESD Ratings
table,
Thermal Information
table, ,
Feature Description
section,
Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation
section,
Power Supply
Recommendations
section,
Layout
section,
Device and Documentation Support
section, and
Mechanical,
Packaging, and Orderable Information
section. .....................................................................................................................
1
Added Applications. ................................................................................................................................................................
1
Moved
Typical Characteristics
into
Specifications
section. .................................................................................................
14
•
•
Changes from Revision M (July 2012) to Revision N
•
•
•
Page
Updated document formatting ................................................................................................................................................
1
Removed
Ordering Information
table. ....................................................................................................................................
3
Added Application Note links................................................................................................................................................
21
Changes from Revision K (June 2010) to Revision L
•
Page
Deleted T
A
values under TEST CONDITIONS for V
I(dev)
and I
I(dev)
PARAMETERS in the
Electrical Characteristics
table. ..
5
2
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Copyright © 2004–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links:
TL431 TL431A TL431B TL432 TL432A TL432B
TL431, TL431A, TL431B
TL432, TL432A, TL432B
www.ti.com
SLVS543O – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED JANUARY 2015
6 Pin Configuration and Functions
TL431, TL431A, TL431B . . . LP (TO-92/TO-226) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
TL431 . . . KTP (PowerFLEX /TO-252) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
TL431A, TL431B . . . DCK (SC-70) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
CATHODE
ANODE
REF
ANODE
CATHODE
ANODE
REF
CATHODE
NC
REF
1
2
3
6
5
4
ANODE
NC
NC
NC − No internal connection
TL431, TL431A, TL431B . . . D (SOIC) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
TL431, TL431A, TL431B . . . P (PDIP), PS (SOP),
OR PW (TSSOP) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
CATHODE
ANODE
ANODE
NC
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
REF
ANODE
ANODE
NC
CATHODE
NC
NC
NC
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
REF
NC
ANODE
NC
NC − No internal connection
NC − No internal connection
TL431, TL431A, TL431B . . . PK (SOT-89) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
TL432, TL432A, TL432B . . . PK (SOT-89) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
CATHODE
ANODE
ANODE
REF
ANODE
REF
ANODE
CATHODE
TL431, TL431A, TL431B . . . DBV (SOT-23-5) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
TL432, TL432A, TL432B . . . DBV (SOT-23-5) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
NC
†
1
2
3
5
4
ANODE
REF
NC
ANODE
NC
1
2
3
5
4
REF
CATHODE
CATHODE
NC − No internal connection
†
Pin 2 is attached to Substrate and must be
connected to ANODE or left open.
NC − No internal connection
TL431, TL431A, TL431B . . . DBZ (SOT-23-3) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
TL432, TL432A, TL432B . . . DBZ (SOT-23-3) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
CATHODE
REF
1
3
2
REF
ANODE
CATHODE
1
3
2
ANODE
Pin Functions
PIN
TLV431x
NAME
CATHODE
REF
ANODE
DBZ
1
2
3
DBV
3
4
5
PK
3
1
2
D
1
8
2, 3,
6, 7
P, PS
PW
1
8
6
LP
1
3
2
KTP
1
3
2
DCK
1
3
6
DBZ
2
1
3
TLV432x
DBV
4
5
2
PK
1
3
2
I/O
I
O
Shunt Current/Voltage input
Threshold relative to common anode
Common pin, normally connected to ground
TYPE
DESCRIPTION
Copyright © 2004–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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TL431 TL431A TL431B TL432 TL432A TL432B
TL431, TL431A, TL431B
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SLVS543O – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED JANUARY 2015
www.ti.com
7 Specifications
7.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
(1)
MIN
V
KA
I
KA
I
I(ref)
T
J
T
stg
(1)
(2)
Cathode voltage
(2)
Continuous cathode current range
Reference input current range
Operating virtual junction temperature
Storage temperature range
–65
–100
–0.05
MAX
37
150
10
150
150
UNIT
V
mA
mA
°C
°C
Stresses beyond those listed under
Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under
Recommended Operating
Conditions
is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
All voltage values are with respect to ANODE, unless otherwise noted.
7.2 ESD Ratings
VALUE
Human-body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001
V
(ESD)
(1)
(2)
Electrostatic discharge
(1)
UNIT
V
±2000
±1000
Charged-device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22-
C101
(2)
JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. Manufacturing with
less than 500-V HBM is possible with the necessary precautions.
JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. Manufacturing with
less than 250-V CDM is possible with the necessary precautions.
7.3 Thermal Information
TL43xx
THERMAL METRIC
(1)
P
PW
8 PINS
R
θJA
R
θJC(top)
Junction-to-ambient thermal
resistance
Junction-to-case (top) thermal
resistance
85
57
149
65
97
39
95
46
D
PS
DCK
6 PINS
259
87
DBV
5 PINS
206
131
206
76
DBZ
LP
3 PINS
140
55
52
°C/W
9
PK
UNIT
(1)
For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the
IC Package Thermal Metrics
application report (SPRA953).
7.4 Recommended Operating Conditions
See
(1)
MIN
V
KA
I
KA
T
A
Cathode voltage
Cathode current
TL43xxC
Operating free-air temperature
TL43xxI
TL43xxQ
(1)
V
ref
1
0
–40
–40
MAX
36
100
70
85
125
°C
UNIT
V
mA
Maximum power dissipation is a function of T
J(max)
,
θ
JA
, and T
A
. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient
temperature is P
D
= (T
J(max)
– T
A
)/θ
JA
. Operating at the absolute maximum T
J
of 150°C can affect reliability.
4
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Copyright © 2004–2015, Texas Instruments Incorporated
Product Folder Links:
TL431 TL431A TL431B TL432 TL432A TL432B
TL431, TL431A, TL431B
TL432, TL432A, TL432B
www.ti.com
SLVS543O – AUGUST 2004 – REVISED JANUARY 2015
7.5 Electrical Characteristics, TL431C, TL432C
over recommended operating conditions, T
A
= 25°C (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
V
ref
V
I(dev)
Reference voltage
Deviation of reference input
voltage over full temperature
range
(1)
Ratio of change in reference
voltage to the change in
cathode voltage
Reference input current
Deviation of reference input
current over full temperature
range
(1)
Minimum cathode current for
regulation
Off-state cathode current
Dynamic impedance
(2)
TEST CIRCUIT
See
Figure 20
See
Figure 20
TEST CONDITIONS
V
KA
= V
ref
, I
KA
= 10 mA
V
KA
= V
ref
,
I
KA
= 10 mA,
SOT23-3 and TL432
devices
All other devices
ΔV
KA
= 10 V – V
ref
TL431C, TL432C
MIN
2440
TYP
2495
6
4
–1.4
–1
2
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.2
MAX
2550
16
25
–2.7
–2
4
1.2
1
1
0.5
UNIT
mV
mV
ΔV
ref
/
ΔV
KA
I
ref
I
I(dev)
I
min
I
off
|z
KA
|
(1)
See
Figure 21
See
Figure 21
See
Figure 21
See
Figure 20
See
Figure 22
See
Figure 20
I
KA
= 10 mA
ΔV
KA
= 36 V – 10 V
mV/V
µA
µA
mA
µA
Ω
I
KA
= 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 =
∞
I
KA
= 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 =
∞
V
KA
= V
ref
V
KA
= 36 V, V
ref
= 0
V
KA
= V
ref
, f
≤
1 kHz, I
KA
= 1 mA to 100 mA
The deviation parameters V
ref(dev)
and I
ref(dev)
are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over
the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage
α
Vref
is defined as:
(2)
α
Vref
is positive or negative, depending on whether minimum V
ref
or maximum V
ref
, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature.
∆V
KA
|z
KA
| =
∆I
KA
The dynamic impedance is defined as:
|z'| = ∆V
∆I
When the device is operating with two external resistors (see
Figure 21),
the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by:
R1
|z
KA
| 1 +
R2
.
which is approximately equal to
(
(
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