SEMICONDUCTOR
TECHNICAL DATA
PROGRAMMABLE PRECISION REFERENCES
TL431 Series
BIPOLAR LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
The TL431 Series integrated circuits are three-terminal programmable shunt regulator diodes.
These monolithic IC voltage reference operate as a low temperature coefficient zener which is programmable from V
ref
to 36 volts with two external resistors. These devices exhibit a wide operating current range of 1.0 to 100mA with a
typical dynamic impedance of 0.22 .The characteristics of these references make them excellent replacements for
zener diodes in many applications such as digital voltmeters, power supplies, and op amp circuitry. The 2.5 volt
reference makes it convenient to obtain a stable reference from 5.0 volt logic supplies, and since the TL431 Series
operates as a shunt regulator, it can be used as either a positive or negative voltage reference.
FEATURES
Divice Code Name :TL431 + V
ref
Code + Package Code
ITEM
Code
TL431
A
B
V
ref
Code
Tolerance (%)
2.2
1.0
0.5
Code
F
Package Code
Package
TO-92
SOT-89
Low Dynamic Output Impedance : 0.22 (Typ.).
Sink Current Capability of 1.0 to 100mA.
Equivalent Full-Range Temperature Coefficient of 50ppm/ (Typ.).
Temperature Compensated for Operation Over Full Rated Operating Temperature Range.
Low Output Noise Voltage.
LINE UP
Type No.
TL431
TL431A
TL431B
TL431F
TL431AF
TL431BF
Operating Voltage(V)
Package
TO-92
2.5~36
SOT-89
3D
3E
3F
Marking
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Cathode (K)
Cathode (K)
Reference (R)
Reference (R)
+
-
2.5V
ref
Anode (A)
Anode (A)
2008. 7. 3
Revision No : 0
1/6
TL431 Series
MAXIMUM RATINGS (Ta=25 )
(Full operating ambient temperature range applies unless otherwise noted.)
CHARACTERISTIC
Cathode To Anode Voltage
Cathode Current Range, Continuous
Reference Input Current Range, Continuous
Operating Junction Temperature
Operating Temperature
Storage Temperature
TL431
Total Power Dissipation
TL431F
P
D
SYMBOL
V
KA
I
K
I
ref
T
j
T
opr
T
stg
RATING
37
-100
150
UNIT
V
mA
mA
-0.05 10
150
-40 85
-65 150
700
mW
800
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Ta=25
CHARACTERISTICS
TL431
Reference Input
Voltage
Reference Input Voltage
Deviation Over Temperature Range
Ratio of Change in Reference Input
Voltage to Change in Cathode to
Anode Voltage
Ta=25
Ta=T
opr
TL431A
TL431B
V
ref
V
ref
)
TEST
CIRCUIT
TEST CONDITION
MIN.
2.440
Figure 1
V
KA
=V
ref
, I
K
=10mA
2.470
2.4825
Figure 1
(Note 1)
V
KA
=V
ref
, I
K
=10mA
V
KA
=
-
-
-
-
Figure 2
I
K
=10mA, R1=10k , R2=
I
K
=10mA, R1=10k , R2=
V
KA
=V
ref
V
KA
=36V, V
ref
=0V
V
KA
=V
ref
, I
K
=1.0 100mA,
f
1.0kHz
-
-
-
-
-
TYP.
2.495
2.495
2.495
7.0
-1.4
-1.0
1.8
-
0.8
0.5
2.6
0.22
MAX.
2.550
2.520
2.5075
30
-2.7
mV/V
-2.0
4.0
6.5
2.5
1.0
1000
-
A
UNIT
V
V
V
mV
SYMBOL
V
ref
/
V
KA
Figure 2
I
K
=10mA
10V V
ref
V
KA
=
36V
10V
Reference Input Current
Reference Input Current
I
ref
Deviation Over Temperature Range
Minimum Cathode Current For Regulation
Off-State Cathode Current
Dynamic Impedance
I
ref
I
min
I
off
Z
ka
Figure 2
Figure 1
Figure 3
Figure 1
(Note 2)
A
mA
nA
2008. 7. 3
Revision No : 0
2/6
TL431 Series
FIGURE 1-TEST CIRCUIT FOR V
KA
=
V
ref
Input
I
K
V
KA
FIGURE 3-TEST CIRCUIT FOR I
off
Input
I
off
V
KA
V
ref
FIGURE 2-TEST CIRCUIT FOR V
KA
>
V
ref
Input
I
K
R1
I
ref
V
KA
= V
ref
( 1+
R1
) + I
ref
R2
Example :
V
ref
= 8.0mV and slope is positive,
V
ref
at 25 =2.495V,
Ta=70
= 45.8 ppm/
V
KA
V
ref
=
R1
0.008
70
10
6
(2.495)
Note 2: The dynamic impedance Z
ka
is defined as:
|Z
ka
| =
VKA
Ik
R2
V
ref
When the device is programmed with two external
Note 1:
The deviation parameter
V
ref
is defined as the differences
between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the
full operating ambient temperature range that applies.
|Z
ka’
| = |Z
ka
| (1+
R1
R2
)
resistors, R1 and R2, (refer to Figure 2) the total
dynamic impedance of the circuit is defined as:
V
ref
Max.
V
ref
= V
ref (Max.)
-
V
ref
(Min.)
Ta = T
2
- T
1
V
ref
Min.
T1
T2
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
The average temperature coefficient of the Reference
input voltage,
V
ref
, is defined as:
(
)=
V
ref
V
ref
at 25
Ta
V
ref
10
6
)
10
6
V
ref
(
ppm
=
Ta(V
ref
at 25 )
V
ref
can be positive or negative depending on whether
V
ref
Min. or V
ref
Max. occurs at the lower ambient temperature.
2008. 7. 3
Revision No : 0
3/6
TL431 Series
I
K
- V
KA
CATHODE CURRENT I
K
(mA)
150
CATHODE CURRENT I
K
(µA)
V
KA
=V
ref
Ta=25 C
I
K
- V
KA
800
600
400
200
0
-200
-1.0
V
KA
=V
ref
Ta=25 C
100
50
0
-50
-100
-2.0
-1.0
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
CATHODE VOLTAGE V
KA
(V)
DYNAMIC IMPEDANCE Zka (Ω)
CATHODE VOLTAGE V
KA
(V)
Zka
V
ref
- V
KA
CHANGE IN REFERENCE INPUT
VOLTAGE V (mV)
ref
0
I
K
=10mA
Ta=25 C
- f
100
I
K
=1.0mA~100mA
Ta=25 C
10
-8.0
-16
1.0
-24
0.1
1.0k
10k
100k
1.0M
10M
-32
0
10
20
30
40
FREQUENCY f (Hz)
CATHODE VOLTAGE V
KA
(V)
3.0
PULSE RESPONSE
Ta=25 C
OPEN LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN G
VO
(dB)
VOLTAGE SWING (V)
G
VO
- f
60
50
40
30
20
10
I
K
=10mA
Ta=25 C
2.0
1.0
0
5.0
0
0
4.0
OUTPUT
INPUT
8.0
12
16
20
0
-10
1.0k
10k
100k
1.0M
10M
1000
900
TIME t (µs)
P
D
- Ta
ALLOWABLE POWER
DISSIPATION P
D
(mW)
FREQUENCY f (Hz)
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
TL431
TL431F
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE Ta ( C)
2008. 7. 3
Revision No : 0
4/6
TL431 Series
B
C
A
H
C
A
G
N
K
D
E
G
H
F
F
L
1
2
3
M
DIM
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
N
MILLIMETERS
4.70 MAX
4.80 MAX
3.70 MAX
0.45
1.00
1.27
0.85
0.45
_
14.00
+
0.50
0.55 MAX
2.30
0.45 MAX
1.00
J
B
E
D
K
D
F
F
1
2
3
DIM
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
MILLIMETERS
4.70 MAX
_
2.50 + 0.20
1.70 MAX
0.45+0.15/-0.10
4.25 MAX
_
1.50 + 0.10
0.40 TYP
1.75 MAX
0.75 MIN
0.5+0.10/-0.05
C
J
1. REFERENCE
2. ANODE
1. REFERENCE
2. ANODE
3. CATHODE
3. CATHODE
Heat Sink is common to
2
(ANODE)
TO-92
SOT-89
2008. 7. 3
Revision No : 0
5/6
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