LTC4010
High Efficiency Standalone
Nickel Battery Charger
FeaTures
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DescripTion
The LTC
®
4010 provides a complete, cost-effective nickel
battery fast charge solution in a small package using few
external components. A 550kHz PWM current source
controller and all necessary charge initiation, monitoring
and termination control circuitry are included.
The LTC4010 automatically senses the presence of a DC
adapter and battery insertion or removal. When an external
DC source is not present, the LTC4010 enters shutdown
and supply current drawn from an installed battery drops
to the lowest possible level. Heavily discharged batteries
are precharged with a trickle current. The LTC4010 can
simultaneously use both –∆V and ∆T/∆t fast charge ter-
mination techniques and can detect various battery faults.
If necessary, a top-off charge is automatically applied to
NiMH batteries after fast charging is completed. The IC
will also resume charging if the battery self-discharges
after a full charge cycle.
All LTC4010 charging operations are qualified by actual
charge time and maximum average cell voltage. Charging
may also be gated by minimum and maximum temperature
limits. NiMH or NiCd fast charge termination parameters
are pin selectable.
L,
LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks of Linear
Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Complete NiMH/NiCd Charger for 1 to 16 Cells
No Microcontroller or Firmware Required
550kHz PWM Current Source Controller
No Audible Noise with Ceramic Capacitors
Wide Input Voltage Range: 5.5V to 34V
Programmable Charge Current: 5% Accuracy
Automatic Trickle Precharge
–∆V Fast Charge Termination
Optional ∆T/∆t Fast Charge Termination
Optional Temperature Qualification
Automatic NiMH Top-Off Charge
Programmable Timer
Automatic Recharge
Multiple Status Outputs
Micropower Shutdown
16-Lead Thermally Enhanced TSSOP Package
applicaTions
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Integrated or Standalone Battery Charger
Portable Instruments or Consumer Products
Battery-Powered Diagnostics and Control
Back-Up Battery Management
Typical applicaTion
2A NiMH Battery Charger
FROM
ADAPTER
9V
3k
10µF
LTC4010
FAULT
CHRG
READY
TIMER
49.9k
GND
CHEM
TO
SYSTEM
LOAD
1.60
1.55
SINGLE CELL VOLTAGE (V)
1.50
1.45
1.40
1.35
1.30
2-CELL
NiMH PACK
WITH 10k NTC
1.25
0
SINGLE CELL
VOLTAGE
BATTERY
TEMPERATURE
CHARGE
CURRRENT
2A
1A
TOP OFF
80
2A NiMH Charge Cycle at 1C
42
40
BATTERY TEMPERATURE (°C)
38
36
34
32
30
28
100
4010 TA01b
V
CC
TGATE
BGATE
PGND
SENSE
47µH
0.05
BAT
V
CDIV
V
CELL
10k
10k
10µF
33nF
20
0.1µF
INTV
DD
V
TEMP
60
40
TIME (MINUTES)
68nF
4010 TA01a
4010fb
LTC4010
absoluTe MaxiMuM raTings
(Note 1)
pin conFiguraTion
TOP VIEW
FAULT
CHRG
CHEM
GND
V
TEMP
V
CELL
V
CDIV
TIMER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
17
16
READY
15 V
CC
14 TGATE
13 PGND
12 BGATE
11 INTV
DD
10 BAT
9
SENSE
V
CC
(Input Supply) to GND ......................... –0.3V to 36V
FAULT, CHRG,
V
CELL
, V
CDIV
, SENSE,
BAT or
READY
to GND..................... –0.3V to V
CC
+ 0.3V
SENSE to BAT ....................................................... ±0.3V
CHEM, V
TEMP
or TIMER to GND ............... –0.3V to 3.5V
PGND to GND........................................................ ±0.3V
Operating Ambient Temperature Range
(Note 2)........................................................ 0°C to 85°C
Operating Junction Temperature (Note 3) ............. 125°C
Storage Temperature Range .................. –65°C to 150°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)................... 300°C
FE PACKAGE
16-LEAD PLASTIC TSSOP
T
JMAX
= 125°C,
q
JA
= 38°C/W
EXPOSED PAD (PIN 17) IS GND. MUST BE SOLDERED TO
PCB TO OBTAIN SPECIFIED THERMAL RESISTANCE
orDer inForMaTion
LEAD FREE FINISH
LTC4010CFE#PBF
LEAD BASED FINISH
LTC4010CFE
TAPE AND REEL
LTC4010CFE#TRPBF
TAPE AND REEL
LTC4010CFE#TR
PART MARKING
4010CFE
PART MARKING
4010CFE
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
16-Lead Plastic TSSOP
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
16-Lead Plastic TSSOP
TEMPERATURE RANGE
0°C to 85°C
TEMPERATURE RANGE
0°C to 85°C
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges.
For more information on lead free part marking, go to:
http://www.linear.com/leadfree/
For more information on tape and reel specifications, go to:
http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/
(Note 4) The
l
indicates specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at T
A
= 25°C. V
CC
= 12V, BAT = 4.8V, GND = PGND = 0V, unless otherwise noted.
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
Input Voltage Range
Shutdown Quiescent Current (Note 8)
Quiescent Current
Operating Current
Undervoltage Threshold Voltage
Undervoltage Hysteresis Voltage
Shutdown Threshold Voltage
Shutdown Threshold Voltage
Charge Enable Threshold Voltage
Output Voltage
Short-Circuit Current (Note 5)
Output Voltage
V
CC
– BAT, V
CC
Increasing
V
CC
– BAT, V
CC
Decreasing
V
CC
– BAT, V
CC
Increasing
No Load
INTV
DD
= 0V
V
CC
= 4.5V, I
DD
= –10mA
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elecTrical characTerisTics
V
CC
Supply
V
CC
I
SHDN
I
Q
I
CC
V
UVLO
V
UV(HYST)
V
SHDNI
V
SHDND
V
CE
INTV
DD
Regulator
V
DD
I
DD
INTV
DD(MIN)
CONDITIONS
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MIN
4.5
TYP
MAX
34
UNITS
V
µA
mA
mA
V
mV
mV
mV
mV
V
mA
V
V
CC
= BAT = 4.8V
Waiting to Charge (Pause)
Fast Charge State, No Gate Load
V
CC
Increasing
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5
3
5
3.85
45
15
400
4.5
–100
3.85
4.2
170
65
35
510
5
–50
10
5
9
4.45
90
60
600
5.5
–10
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LTC4010
elecTrical characTerisTics
SYMBOL
PWM Current Source
V
FS
V
PC
V
TC
∆V
LI
I
BAT
I
SENSE
I
OFF
f
TYP
f
MIN
DC
MAX
V
OL(TG)
V
OH(TG)
t
R(TG)
t
F(TG)
V
OL(BG)
V
OH(BG)
t
R(BG)
t
F(BG)
ADC Inputs
I
LEAK
Charger Thresholds
V
BP
V
BOV
V
MFC
V
FCBF
∆V
TERM
V
AR
∆T
TERM
T
MIN
T
MAXI
T
MAXC
V
TEMP(D)
V
TEMP(P)
Battery Present Threshold Voltage
Battery Overvoltage
Minimum Fast Charge Voltage
Fast Charge Battery Fault Voltage
–∆V Termination
Automatic Recharge Voltage
∆T Termination (Note 7)
Minimum Charging Temperature
(Note 7)
Maximum Charge Initiation
Temperature (Note 7)
Maximum Charging Temperature
(Note 7)
V
TEMP
Disable Threshold Voltage
Pause Threshold Voltage
CHEM OPEN (NiCd)
CHEM = 0V (NiMH)
V
CELL
Decreasing
CHEM = 3.3V (NiCd)
CHEM = 0V (NiMH)
V
TEMP
Increasing
V
TEMP
Decreasing, Not Charging
V
TEMP
Decreasing, Charging
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The
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indicates specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at T
A
= 25°C. V
CC
= 12V, BAT = 4.8V, GND = PGND = 0V, unless otherwise noted.
PARAMETER
BAT – SENSE Full-Scale Regulation
Voltage (Fast Charge)
BAT – SENSE Precharge Regulation
Voltage
BAT – SENSE Top-Off Charge
Regulation Voltage
BAT – SENSE Line Regulation
BAT Input Bias Current
SENSE Input Bias Current
Input Bias Current, (V
CELL
= 0V)
Typical Switching Frequency
Minimum Switching Frequency
Maximum Duty Cycle
TGATE Output Voltage Low
(V
CC
– TGATE) (Note 6)
TGATE Output Voltage High
TGATE Rise Time
TGATE Fall Time
BGATE Output Voltage Low
BGATE Output Voltage High
BGATE Rise Time
BGATE Fall Time
Analog Channel Leakage
V
CC
> 9V, No Load
V
CC
< 7V, No Load
V
CC
– TGATE, No Load
C
LOAD
= 3nF 10% to 90%
,
C
LOAD
= 3nF 10% to 90%
,
No Load
No Load
C
LOAD
= 1.6nF 10% to 90%
,
C
LOAD
= 1.6nF 10% to 90%
,
0V < V
CELL
< 2V
320
1.815
850
1.17
16
6
1.260
1.3
0.5
0
41.5
57
2.8
130
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CONDITIONS
0.3V < BAT < V
CC
– 0.3V (Note 8)
BAT = 4.8V
0.3V < BAT < V
CC
– 0.3V (Note 8)
BAT = 4.8V
0.3V < BAT < V
CC
– 0.3V (Note 8)
BAT = 4.8V
5.5V < V
CC
< 25V, Fast Charge
0.3V < BAT < V
CC
– 0.1V
SENSE = BAT
SENSE
BAT
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MIN
95
95
16
16
6.5
6.5
–2
TYP
100
100
20
20
10
10
±0.3
MAX
105
105
24
24
13.5
13.5
2
UNITS
mV
mV
mV
mV
mV
mV
mV
mA
µA
µA
µA
kHz
kHz
%
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–1
0
460
20
98
5
V
CC
– 0.5
0
2
550
30
99
5.6
V
CC
0
35
45
0
INTV
DD
– 0.075
INTV
DD
30
15
±100
350
1.95
900
1.22
20
10
1.325
2
1
5
45
60
150
1
6
640
8.75
50
100
100
50
V
V
mV
ns
ns
mV
V
80
80
ns
ns
nA
370
2.085
950
1.27
25
14
1.390
2.7
1.5
9
47
63
3.3
280
mV
V
mV
V
mV
mV
V
°C/min
°C/min
°C
°C
°C
V
mV
4010fb
LTC4010
elecTrical characTerisTics
SYMBOL
Charger Timing
∆t
TIMER
∆t
MAX
V
OL
I
LKG
I
IH(VCDIV)
V
IL
V
IH
I
IL
I
IH
Internal Time Base Error
Programmable Timer Error
Output Voltage Low (I
LOAD
= 10mA)
Output Leakage Current
Input Current High
Input Voltage Low
Input Voltage High
Input Current Low
Input Current High
R
TIMER
= 49.9k
V
CDIV
All Other Status Outputs
All Status Outputs Inactive, V
OUT
= V
CC
V
CDIV
= V
BAT
(Shutdown)
CHEM (NiMH)
CHEM (NiCd)
CHEM = GND
CHEM = 3.3V
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The
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indicates specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at T
A
= 25°C. V
CC
= 12V, BAT = 4.8V, GND = PGND = 0V, unless otherwise noted.
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
MIN
–10
–20
435
300
–10
–1
2.85
–20
–20
–5
20
TYP
MAX
10
20
700
600
10
1
900
UNITS
%
%
mV
mV
µA
µA
mV
V
µA
µA
Status and Chemistry Select
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Note 1:
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute
Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device
reliability and lifetime.
Note 2:
The LTC4010E is guaranteed to meet performance specifications
from 0°C to 70°C. Specifications over the 0°C to 85°C operating
temperature range are assured by design, characterization and correlation
with statistical process controls.
Note 3:
Operating junction temperature T
J
(in °C) is calculated from
the ambient temperature T
A
and the total continuous package power
dissipation P
D
(in watts) by the formula:
T
J
= T
A
+
q
JA
• P
D
Refer to the Applications Information section for details. This IC includes
overtemperature protection that is intended to protect the device during
momentary overload conditions. Junction temperature will exceed 125°C
when overtemperature protection is active. Continuous operation above
the specified maximum operating junction temperature may result in
device degradation or failure.
Note 4:
All current into device pins are positive. All current out of device
pins are negative. All voltages are referenced to GND, unless otherwise
specified.
Note 5:
Output current may be limited by internal power dissipation. Refer
to the Applications Information section for details.
Note 6:
Either TGATE V
OH
may apply for 7.5V < V
CC
< 9V.
Note 7:
These limits apply specifically to the thermistor network shown in
Figure 5 in the Applications Information section with a
b
of 3750 and are
guaranteed by specific V
TEMP
voltage measurements during test.
Note 8:
These limits are guaranteed by correlation to wafer level
measurements.
Typical perForMance characTerisTics
NiCd Charge Cycle at 1C
1.65
1.60
SINGLE CELL VOLTAGE (V)
1.55
1.50
1.45
1.40
1.35
CHARGE CURRENT
1.30
0
20
40
TIME (MINUTES)
4010 G01
NiCd Charge Cycle at 2C
36
34
BATTERY TEMPERATURE (°C)
SINGLE CELL VOLTAGE (V)
1.75
1.70
1.65
1.60
1.55
1.50
1.45
1.40
1.35
0
10
CHARGE CURRENT
BATTERY
TEMPERATURE
4 SERIES NiCd 1300mAhr
SC CELLS CHARGED AT 2C
SINGLE CELL
VOLTAGE
55
50
BATTERY TEMPERATURE (°C)
45
40
35
3A
2A
1A
40
4010 G02
SINGLE CELL
VOLTAGE
32
30
28
26
1A
24
22
80
BATTERY
TEMPERATURE
30
25
20
15
60
30
TIME (MINUTES)
20
4010fb
LTC4010
Typical perForMance characTerisTics
NiMH Charge Cycle at 0.5C
1.60
1.55
SINGLE CELL VOLTAGE (V)
1.50
1.45
1.40
1.45
1.30
4 SERIES NiMH 2100mAhr
AA CELLS CHARGED AT 0.5C
SINGLE CELL
VOLTAGE
45
40
BATTERY TEMPEATURE (°C)
35
30
25
20
370
Battery Present Threshold
Voltage (per Cell)
950
940
360
VOLTAGE (mV)
VOLTAGE (mV)
930
920
350
910
900
890
880
330
870
860
320
–50
–30
30
–10 10
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
70
90
Minimum Fast Charge Threshold
Voltage (per Cell)
BATTERY
TEMPERATURE
1A
CHARGE CURRENT
0.5A
TOP OFF
0
340
15
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
TIME (MINUTES)
4010 G03
850
–50
–30
30
–10 10
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
70
90
4010 G04
4010 G05
Automatic Recharge Threshold
Voltage (per Cell)
1.375
2.05
2.03
1.355
VOLTAGE (V)
VOLTAGE (V)
2.01
1.99
Battery Overvoltage Threshold
Voltage (per Cell)
0
–∆V Termination Voltage
(per Cell)
–5
VOLTAGE (mV)
1.335
1.97
1.95
1.93
1.91
–10
NiMH
1.315
–15
1.295
1.89
1.87
–20
NiCd
1.275
–50
–30
30
–10 10
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
70
90
1.85
–50
–30
30
–10 10
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
70
90
–25
–50
–30
30
–10 10
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
70
90
4010 G06
4010 G07
4010 G08
Programmable Timer Accuracy
20
15
TIMING ERROR (%, 30s)
CURRENT ERROR(%)
10
5
0
–5
–10
–15
–20
–50
–30
–10
50
30
10
TEMPERATURE (°C)
70
90
4010 G09
Charge Current Accuracy
5
1000
PWM Switching Frequency
BAT = 4.8V
R
TIMER
= 49.9k
3
TOP-OFF CHARGE
1
FAST CHARGE
–1
PRECHARGE
FREQUENCY (kHz)
100
MINIMUM (LOW DROPOUT)
–3
V
CC
= 12V
10
–50 –30 –10 10
30
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
–5
–50
–30
–10 10
30
50
TEMPERATURE (°C)
70
90
70
90
4010 G10
4010 G11
4010fb
MCU
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