ST72323LK1T5/XXX datasheet, PDF - EEWORLD Datasheet

EEWORLDEEWORLD

Datasheet

Datasheet> All Categories > The embedded processor and controller> Microcontrollers and processors> ST72323LK1T5/XXX

PDF

ST72323LK1T5/XXX: Description8-BIT, MROM, 8MHz, MICROCONTROLLER, PQFP32, 7 X 7 MM, PLASTIC, LQFP-32; CategoryThe embedded processor and controller Microcontrollers and processors; File Size3MB，167 Pages; ManufacturerSTMicroelectronics; Websitehttp://www.st.com/

Download Datasheet Parametric View All

ST72323LK1T5/XXX Overview

8-BIT, MROM, 8MHz, MICROCONTROLLER, PQFP32, 7 X 7 MM, PLASTIC, LQFP-32

ST72323LK1T5/XXX Parametric

Parameter Name	Attribute value
Objectid	2120046808
Parts packaging code	QFP
package instruction	7 X 7 MM, PLASTIC, LQFP-32
Contacts	32
Reach Compliance Code	compliant
Has ADC	YES
Address bus width
bit size	8
CPU series	ST72
maximum clock frequency	16 MHz
DAC channel	NO
DMA channel	NO
External data bus width
JESD-30 code	S-PQFP-G32
length	7 mm
Number of I/O lines	24
Number of terminals	32
On-chip program ROM width	8
Maximum operating temperature	85 °C
Minimum operating temperature	-10 °C
PWM channel	YES
Package body material	PLASTIC/EPOXY
encapsulated code	LQFP
Encapsulate equivalent code	QFP32,.35SQ,32
Package shape	SQUARE
Package form	FLATPACK, LOW PROFILE
power supply	3 V
Certification status	Not Qualified
RAM (bytes)	384
rom(word)	4096
ROM programmability	MROM
Maximum seat height	1.6 mm
speed	8 MHz
Maximum supply voltage	3.6 V
Minimum supply voltage	2.85 V
Nominal supply voltage	3 V
surface mount	YES
technology	CMOS
Temperature level	OTHER
Terminal form	GULL WING
Terminal pitch	0.8 mm
Terminal location	QUAD
width	7 mm
uPs/uCs/peripheral integrated circuit type	MICROCONTROLLER

Preview

Download Datasheet

ST72323

ST72323L

3 V/5 V range 8-bit MCU with 4/8 Kbyte ROM,

10-bit ADC, four timers and SPI

Features

■

Memories

– 4/8K ROM with read-out protection

capability

– 384 bytes RAM

– Compatible with Flash superset

ST72F324B

Clock, reset and supply management

– Clock sources: crystal/ceramic resonator

oscillators, internal RC oscillator and

bypass for external clock

– Four power saving modes: Halt, Active-

Halt, Wait and Slow

Interrupt management

– Nested interrupt controller

– 10 interrupt vectors plus TRAP and RESET

– 9/6 external interrupt lines (on 4 vectors)

Up to 32 I/O ports

– 32/24 multifunctional bidirectional I/O lines

– 22/17 alternate function lines

– 12/10 high sink outputs

4 Timers

– Main clock controller with: real-time base,

beep and clock-out capabilities

– Configurable watchdog timer

– 16-bit timer A with: 1 input capture, 1 output

compare, external clock input, PWM and

pulse generator modes

– 16-bit timer B with: 2 input captures, 2

output compares, PWM and pulse

generator modes

LQFP44

10 x 10

LQFP48

7x7

LQFP32

7x7

■

SO34

SDIP32

400 mil

■

■

■

Communications interface

– SPI synchronous serial interface

1 analog peripheral (low-current coupling)

– 10-bit ADC with up to 12 robust input ports

Instruction set

– 8-bit data manipulation

– 63 basic instructions

– 17 main addressing modes

– 8 x 8 unsigned multiply instruction

Development tools

– Full hardware/software development

package

– In-circuit testing capability

■

■

■

■

June 2008

Rev 3

1/167

www.st.com

1

Contents

ST72323 ST72323L

Contents

1

2

3

4

Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Register and memory map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Central processing unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4.1

4.2

4.3

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Main features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

CPU registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

4.3.1

4.3.2

4.3.3

4.3.4

4.3.5

Accumulator (A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Index registers (X and Y) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Program counter (PC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Condition code register (CC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Stack pointer (SP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

5

Supply, reset and clock management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

5.1

5.2

Multioscillator (MO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Reset sequence manager (RSM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

5.2.1

5.2.2

5.2.3

5.2.4

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Asynchronous external RESET pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

External power-on reset (POR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Internal watchdog reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

6

Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Masking and processing flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Interrupts and low-power modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Concurrent and nested management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Interrupt register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

6.5.1

6.5.2

CPU CC register interrupt bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Interrupt software priority registers (ISPRx) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

6.6

External interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

6.6.1

I/O port interrupt sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

2/167

ST72323 ST72323L

Contents

6.7

External interrupt control register (EICR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

7

Power saving modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Slow mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Wait mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Active-Halt and Halt modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

7.4.1

7.4.2

Active-Halt mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Halt mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

8

I/O ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

8.1

8.2

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

8.2.1

8.2.2

8.2.3

Input modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Output modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Alternate functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

8.3

8.4

8.5

I/O port implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Low-power modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

8.5.1

I/O port Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

9

On-chip peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

9.1

Watchdog timer (WDG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

9.1.1

9.1.2

9.1.3

9.1.4

9.1.5

9.1.6

9.1.7

9.1.8

9.1.9

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Main features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

How to program the watchdog timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Low- power modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Hardware watchdog option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Using Halt mode with the WDG (WDGHALT option) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

9.2

Main clock controller with real-time clock and beeper (MCC/RTC) . . . . . 61

9.2.1

9.2.2

9.2.3

Programmable CPU clock prescaler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Clock-out capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Real-time clock timer (RTC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

3/167

Contents

9.2.4

9.2.5

9.2.6

9.2.7

ST72323 ST72323L

Beeper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Low-power modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

9.3

16-bit timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

9.3.1

9.3.2

9.3.3

9.3.4

9.3.5

9.3.6

9.3.7

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Main features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Low-power modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Summary of timer modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

9.4

Serial peripheral interface (SPI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

9.4.1

9.4.2

9.4.3

9.4.4

9.4.5

9.4.6

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Main features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Clock phase and clock polarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Error flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

9.5

10-bit A/D converter (ADC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

9.5.1

9.5.2

9.5.3

9.5.4

9.5.5

9.5.6

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Main features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Low-power modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Register description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

10

Instruction set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

10.1

CPU addressing modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

10.1.1

10.1.2

10.1.3

10.1.4

10.1.5

10.1.6

10.1.7

Inherent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Immediate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Direct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Indexed (No Offset, Short, Long) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Indirect (Short, Long) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Indirect indexed (Short, Long) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Relative mode (Direct, Indirect) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

10.2

4/167

Instruction groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

ST72323 ST72323L

Contents

11

Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

11.1

Parameter conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

11.1.1

11.1.2

11.1.3

11.1.4

11.1.5

Minimum and maximum values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Typical values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Typical curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Loading capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Pin input voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

11.2

11.3

11.4

Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

11.3.1

Operating conditions (ST72323 5 V devices) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Supply current characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

11.4.1

11.4.2

Supply and clock managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

On-chip peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

11.5

Clock and timing characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123

11.5.1

11.5.2

Crystal and ceramic resonator oscillators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

RC oscillators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

11.6

11.7

Memory characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

11.6.1

RAM and hardware registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

EMC characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

11.7.1

11.7.2

11.7.3

Functional EMS (electromagnetic susceptibility) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Absolute maximum ratings (electrical sensitivity) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

11.8

I/O port pin characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

11.8.1

11.8.2

General characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Output driving current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

11.9

Control pin characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

11.9.1

11.9.2

Asynchronous RESET pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

ICCSEL pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

11.10 Timer peripheral characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

11.11 Communication interface characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

11.11.1 SPI - serial peripheral interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

11.12 10-bit ADC characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

11.12.1 Analog power supply and reference pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

11.12.2 General PCB design guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

11.12.3 ADC accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

5/167

Recommended Resources

Frequency modulation (fm) waveform generator circuit diagram

Long delay circuit using integrated circuit 5

Low-voltage circuit breaker self-turning circuit for dual power supply

Meeting speech limited time reminder circuit

Galanz WP700 mechanical microwave oven circuit diagram

One way to connect DC watt-hour meter

On the problem of indirectly measuring the crankshaft angle of motorcycles using linear Hall: As the title says... I am working on a project recently. I want to use a curved magnet and a linear Hall sensor to accurately measure the crankshaft angle. The curved magnet is installed on a small ch...; fosullx Sensor

CPLD Motor Control Project Outsourcing: Project description: Motor type: DC motor (50-60w) Requirements: 1. Use cpld to implement a PWM controller with adjustable duty cycle. 2. Use cpld to implement the motor quadrature encoder interface. ...; jy00113358 FPGA/CPLD

Help~~~: I have a program under VC, but it always fails when transplanted to EVC. I would like to ask experts for help~~ High score~~~ The program is a TCP server and a TCP client. I only need to transplant th...; 肯清 Embedded System

How to learn embedded system?: I have only been exposed to embedded systems for a short time, and I feel like there are a lot of things to learn, such as system kernel, ARM chips, and programming knowledge. Now I really don’t know ...; 诵文 Embedded System

Photovoltaic power generation paper: :) Share with everyone...; huangwz3171 Power technology

FPGA collects CCD images (via USB interface) and displays them on VGA: Mr. Xia, how do you write the veilog program code for the above title? I need an urgent solution. Thank you very much!...; guilai_song FPGA/CPLD

Shortcut: 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0C 0F 0J 0L 0M 0R 0S 0T 0Z 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E 1F 1H 1K 1M 1N 1P 1S 1T 1V 1X 1Z 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 2F 2G 2K 2M 2N 2P 2Q 2R 2S 2T 2W 2Z 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E 3F 3G 3H 3J 3K 3L 3M 3N 3P 3R 3S 3T 3V 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4M 4N 4P 4S 4T 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 5A 5B 5C 5E 5G 5H 5K 5M 5N 5P 5S 5T 5V 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 6A 6C 6E 6F 6M 6N 6P 6R 6S 6T 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 7A 7B 7C 7M 7N 7P 7Q 7V 7W 7X 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 8A 8D 8E 8L 8N 8P 8S 8T 8W 8Y 8Z 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 9A 9B 9C 9D 9F 9G 9H 9L 9S 9T 9W

Popular Components

Popular Articles

Technical ResourceMore

EEWorld
subscription
account

EEWorld
service
account

Automotive
development
circle

Robot
development
community

About Us Customer Service Contact Information Datasheet Sitemap LatestNews

Index Files: 1422 1046 2161 1531 1791 29 22 44 31 37

Datasheet 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Room 1530, 15th Floor, Building B, No. 18 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing Telephone: (010) 82350740 Postal Code: 100190

Copyright © 2005-2026 EEWORLD.com.cn, Inc. All rights reserved 京ICP证060456号京ICP备10001474号-1 电信业务审批[2006]字第258号函

京公网安备 11010802033920号