T192A255K100PSC datasheet, PDF

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T192A255K100PSC: DescriptionTantalum Capacitor, Polarized, Tantalum, 100V, 10% +Tol, 10% -Tol, 2.5uF,; CategoryPassive components capacitor; File Size650KB，28 Pages; ManufacturerKEMET; Websitehttp://www.kemet.com

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T192A255K100PSC Overview

Tantalum Capacitor, Polarized, Tantalum, 100V, 10% +Tol, 10% -Tol, 2.5uF,

T192A255K100PSC Parametric

Parameter Name	Attribute value
Is it Rohs certified?	incompatible
Objectid	874357345
package instruction	,
Reach Compliance Code	not_compliant
ECCN code	EAR99
capacitance	2.5 µF
Capacitor type	TANTALUM CAPACITOR
diameter	4.78 mm
dielectric materials	TANTALUM (WET)
JESD-609 code	e0
length	11.51 mm
negative tolerance	10%
Number of terminals	2
Maximum operating temperature	125 °C
Minimum operating temperature	-55 °C
Package form	Axial
method of packing	Tray
polarity	POLARIZED
positive tolerance	10%
Rated (DC) voltage (URdc)	100 V
Guideline	MIL-STD-202
series	TX92(100V)
Terminal surface	Tin/Lead (Sn60Pb40)

T192A255K100PSC Preview

Wet Tantalum Capacitors

Commercial and Military Established Reliability MIL-PRF-39006 Style

T190 Commercial/T290, CLR90, M39006/30

T191 Commercial/T291, CLR91, M39006/31

T192 Commercial/T292, CLR79, M39006/22

T195 Commercial/T295, CLR81, M39006/25

Including the High-Temperature T197 and T198 Series

F3103A 02/04

INDEX

Performance Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9

Outline Drawing & Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Marking & Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

T190/T290 (CLR90) MIL-PRF-39006/30 Series Part Number Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12-15

T191/T291 (CLR91) MIL-PRF-39006/31 Series Part Number Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-17

T192/T292 (CLR79) MIL-PRF-39006/22 Series Part Number Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18-21

T195/T295 (CLR81) MIL-PRF-39006/25 Series Part Number Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-23

T197 Series - High Temperature Wet Tantalum Series Part Number Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-25

T198 Series - High Temperature Wet Tantalum Series Part Number Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26-27

IMPORTANT NOTICE

KEMET Electronics Corporation disclaims all warranties, whether express, implied, or statutory as to

any manner whosoever, including the condition of the equipment, its compatibility with specific require-

ments, its merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose which extend beyond the description on

the face thereof.

Furthermore, under no circumstances shall KEMET Electronics Corporation be liable for consequen-

tial, special, incidental or indirect damages resulting from the use or handling of this product.

Finally, KEMET Electronics Corporation does not assume any responsibility for the correctness of the

information contained in this catalog. All design characteristics, specifications, tolerances, and the like are

subject to change without notice.

Introduction

KEMET wet tantalum capacitors are identified by

the initial “T”, followed by a “Series” number. T19X des-

ignates commercial product; T29X is military grade in

accordance with Military Specification, MIL-PRF-

39006. For detailed performance characteristics of the

T29X series, please refer to the latest issue of the

Military Specification. MIL-PRF-39006 establishes

1000 hour failure rate levels of 1%, 0.1%, and 0.01%.

T29X series components are available in M, P, and R

failure rates (1.0, 0.1, and 0.01, respectively).

Specific requirements are set forth in the respec-

tive Product Series in this catalog. All Military products

are 100% electrically screened for the parameters

shown in the respective product section. For non-mili-

tary product, all series are 100% screened for leakage,

capacitance and dissipation factor. All Series are

inspected to electrical limits using a minimum .1% AQL

sampling plans, according to the Military Standard MIL-

STD-105, even after 100% testing. This sampling plan,

to the best of KEMET Electronics’ knowledge, meets or

exceeds the generally accepted industry standard for

similar products. KEMET capacitors may also be sup-

plied, with prior agreement, to meet specifications with

requirements differing from those of KEMET catalogs.

These Notes apply generally to all KEMET wet tan-

talum capacitors and illustrate typical performance

under normal application conditions, except where

noted. The intent of these Notes is to provide general-

ized information concerning performance characteris-

tics.

This Series may be affected by absorption of water

on external insulating surfaces. The water film may also

attract a layer of dust from the air increasing the effect.

The most sensitive parameter is leakage current.

3. Polarity

These capacitors are inherently polar devices and

may be permanently damaged or destroyed if connect-

ed with the wrong polarity. The positive terminal is iden-

tified on the capacitor body by a polarity mark and the

capacitor body may include an obvious geometrical

shape. See paragraph 11 for Reverse Voltage capabil-

ities.

4. Operating Environment

Most of the discussion under “Storage Conditions”

will apply also when capacitors are operated within the

applicable electrical ratings described below. The tem-

porary increase in leakage current (at standard condi-

tions) following elevated-temperature exposure is not

observed, however, if the capacitors are operated with

adequate DC voltage applied.

5. Capacitance

Capacitance is measured at 120 Hz and 25°C with

up to 1 volt rms applied. Measured circuits are of high

impedance, however, and under these conditions 1 volt

rms may be applied even to 6 volt capacitors (23%

peak reversal) without a DC dias. DC bias is thus nor-

mally not used, except when rated voltage is below 6

volts and the AC signal level exceeds 0.3 vrms.

However, MIL-PRF-39006 provides for up to 2.2 volts

DC. DC bias is not commonly used at room tempera-

ture, but is more commonly used at elevated tempera-

tures.

DC bias causes a small reduction in capacitance,

up to about 2% when full rated voltage is applied as

bias. DF is also reduced by the presence of DC.

Capacitance changes very little below 1 kHz but

decreases more noticably at higher frequencies. Larger

capacitance values decline more rapidly than small rat-

ings.

Capacitance typically changes with temperature

according to the curve of Figure 1.

1. General Application Class

Wet tantalum capacitors are usually applied in cir-

cuits where the AC component is small compared to

the DC component. Typical uses known to KEMET

Electronics include blocking, by-passing, decoupling,

and filtering. They are also used in timing circuits. If two

of these polar capacitors are connected “back-to-back”

(i.e., negative-to-negative or positive-to-positive), the

pair may be used in AC applications (as a non-polar

device).

2. Storage Conditions

Capacitors may be stored without applied voltage

over the operating temperature range specified in the

catalogs for each Series. The range is from -55 to

+125°C for all Series.

Storage at high temperature may cause a small,

temporary increase in leakage current (measured

under standard conditions), but the original value is

usually restored within a few minutes after application

of rated voltage.

DC leakage current may rise upon exposure to a

combination of high temperature and high humidity, but

is normally restored by voltage conditioning under

standard conditions. The increase will be greater than

that experienced under temperature influence alone

because of conduction through absorbed water.

Figure 1. Typical Effect of Temperature upon

Capacitance

6. Dissipation Factor (DF

)

DF is measured at 120 Hz and 25°C with up to 1

volt rms applied. Note that, in either operation, peak AC

plus DC bias must not exceed either rated voltage

Measurement circuits are of high impedance, however,

and under these conditions 1 volt rms may be applied

even to 6 volt capacitors (23% peak reversal) without a

DC bias. DC bias is thus normally not used, except

when rated voltage is below 6 volts and the AC signal

level exceeds 0.3 vrms. However, MIL-PRF-39006 pro-

vides for up to 2.2 volts DC. DC bias is not commonly

used at room temperature, but is more commonly used

at elevated temperatures.

Dissipation Factor (DF) is a useful low-frequency

measure of the resistive component in capacitors. It is

the ration of the unavoidable resistance to the capaci-

tive reactance, usually expressed in percent. DF

increases with temperature above +25°C and may also

increase at lower temperatures. Unfortunately, one

general limit for DF cannot be specified for all capaci-

tance/voltage combinations, nor can response to tem-

perature be simply stated. Catalogs for the respective

series list DF limits under various conditions.

Dissipation factor increases with increasing fre-

quency as would be expected from the decreasing

capacitive reactance. DF is not a very useful parame-

ter above about 1 kHz. The DF of larger capacitance

values increases more rapidly than that of smaller rat-

ings.

DC bias causes a small reduction in capacitance,

up to about 2% when full rated voltage is applied, as

bias, DF is also reduced by the presence of DC bias.

Rated voltage may cause a decrease in DF of about

0.2% (e.g., a decrease from 3.6 to 3.4% DF).

DF is defined as ESR and is also referred to occa-

sionally, as tan d or “loss tangent.” The Quality Factor”,

Q, is the reciprocal of DF (DF is not expressed in per-

cent in this calculation). Another expression, rarely

used is the “power factor,” or ESR. Power factor is

cos

Ø, while DF is

cot

Ø.

DC leakage current (DCL) increases with increasing

temperature according to the typical curve of Figure 2.

Leakage current is measured at a rated voltage

through +85°C and may also be measured at +125°C

with 2/3 of rated voltage applied.

8. Rated Voltage

This term refers to the maximum continuous DC

working voltage permissible at temperatures of +85°C or

below. The lower operating temperature is specified

as -55°C. Operation above +85°C is permissible, with

reduced working voltage. The typical working voltage

reduction is to 2/3 of rated voltage at +125°C.

9. Working Voltage

This is the maximum recommended peak DC oper-

ating voltage for continuous duty at or below 85°C with-

out DC voltage surges or AC ripple superimposed. No

voltage derating is required below 85°C. Capacitors may

be operated to 125°C with working voltage linearly der-

ated to 2/3 of the 85°C rating at 125°C.

Figure 3. Working Voltage Change with Temperature

10. Surge Voltage

Surge Voltage is defined as the maximum voltage

to which the capacitor should be subjected under tran-

sient conditions, including peak AC ripple and all DC

transients.

DC Working

Voltage @ 85°C

Surge Voltage

75 100 125

7. DC Leakage (DCL)

DC leakage is affected by voltage to a much larger

extent, and this effect can frequently be used to advan-

tage in circuits where only very low leakage currents

can be tolerated.

6.9 9.2 11.5 17.2 28.8 34.5 57.5 69 86.2 115 144

Table 1. Surge Voltage Ratings

A typical surge voltage test is performed at +85°C

with the applicable surge voltage per Table 1. The

surge voltage is applied for 1000 cycles of 30 seconds

on voltage through a 1000 ± 100 ohm series resistor

and 30 seconds off voltage with the capacitor dis-

charged through a 1,000 ohm resistor. Upon complet-

ing the test, the capacitors are allowed to stabilize at

room temperature. Capacitance, DF, and DCL are then

tested:

1. The DCL should not exceed the initial 25°C limit.

2. The capacitance should be within ±2% of initial

value.

Figure 2. Typical Effect of Temperature upon DC

Leakage Current

3. The DF should not exceed the initial 25°C limit.

4. Capacitors show no visible mechanical damage

or leakage of electrolyte.

11. Reverse Voltage

When subjected to a DC potential of 3 volts,

applied in the reverse polarity direction for 125 hours ±

10 hours, capacitors shall meet the following require-

ments.

- DC Leakage: shall not exceed 1.25 times initial

limit

- Capacitance: shall be within stated tolerance

(K- ±10%, M- ±20%, J- ±5%)

- Dissipation Factor: shall not exceed initial limit

12. Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR)

Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) is the pre-

ferred high-frequency statement of the resistance

unavoidably appearing in these capacitors. ESR

decreases with increasing frequency. Typical ESR lim-

its are established in each specific product series.

However, the ESR limits provided are for reference

only, and are not necessarily the actual value that a

particular Series product will attain.

Total impedance of the capacitor is the vector sum

of capacitive reactance (X

) and ESR, below reso-

nance; above resonance total impedance is the vector

sum of inductive reactance (X

) and ESR. See Figure 4.

Figure 5. The Real Capacitor

A capacitor is a complex impedance consisting of

many series and parallel elements, each adding to the

complexity of the measurement system.

ESL

– Represents lead wire and construction

inductance. In most instances (especially in

tantalum and monolithic ceramic capacitors) it is

insignificant at the basic measurement frequen-

cies of 120 and 1000 Hz.

ESR

– Represents the actual ohmic series resist-

ance in series with the capacitance. Lead wires

and capacitor electrodes are contributing sources.

– Capacitor Leakage Resistance. Typically it

can reach 50,000 megohms in a tantalum capaci-

tor. It can exceed 10

ohms in monolithic ceram-

ics and in film capacitors.

– The dielectric loss contributed by dielectric

absorption and molecular polarization. It becomes

very significant in high frequency measurements

and applications. Its value varies with frequency.

– The inherent dielectric absorption of the

solid tantalum capacitor which typically equates to

1-2% of the applied voltage.

As frequency increases, X

continues to decrease

according to its equation above. There is unavoidable

inductance as well as resistance in all capacitors, and

at some point in frequency, the reactance ceases to be

capacitive and becomes inductive. This frequency is

called the self-resonant point. In wet tantalum capaci-

tors, the resonance is damped by the ESR, and a

smooth, rather than abrupt, transition from capacitive to

inductive reactance (XL = 2πfL) follows.

Despite the fact that the reactance is nearly all

inductive above the self-resonance, these capacitors

find use as decoupling devices up to 10MHz.

ESR and Z are also affected by temperature. At

100 kHz, ESR decreases with increasing temperature.

The amount of change is influenced by the size of the

capacitance and is generally more pronounced on

smaller ratings.

Xc=

1ohm

2πfC

where:

f = frequency, Hertz

C = capacitance, Farad

Figure 4a: Total Impedance of the Capacitor Below Resonance

= 2πfL

where:

f = frequency, Hertz

C = capacitance, Farad

Figure 4b: Total Impedance of the Capacitor Above Resonance

To understand the many elements of a capacitor, see

Figure 5.

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