silicon oscillators with a frequency error less than 0.09%.
For each oscillator, the user can select one of 8 frequen-
cies between 32.768kHz and 8.192MHz. Based on a fixed
master oscillator frequency, internal frequency dividers
between 1 and 128 provide the 8 different frequencies.
The LTC6930 requires no external components other than
power supply bypass capacitors. Requiring only a single
1.7V to 5.5V supply enables operation from a single Li-Ion
cell or 2 AA alkaline cells.
The LTC6930 features a proprietary control architecture
that allows for ultralow power operation while maintaining
industry leading accuracy and jitter specifications. The
exceptionally fast start-up time, combined with the low
power consumption, is ideal for battery operated applica-
tions with frequent power-up cycles.
Any frequency from 32.768kHz to 8.192MHz can be pro-
vided by the factory. Minimum order sizes apply for custom
frequencies. Please consult LTC Marketing for details.
L,
LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks and
ThinSOT is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property
of their respective owners. Protected by U.S. Patents, including 6342817, 6614313.
n
n
Frequency Error <0.09% Max at 25°C
Start-Up Time <110µs at All Frequencies
1.7V to 5.5V Single Supply Operation
105µA Typical Supply Current at 32kHz, V
+
= 3V
490µA Typical Supply Current at 8MHz, V
+
= 3V
Typical RMS Period Jitter <0.15% at V
+
= 3V
No External Components to Set Frequency
5 Options Cover 32.768kHz to 8.192MHz:
LTC6930-4.19: 4.194304MHz ÷ N
LTC6930-5.00: 5.000000MHz ÷ N
LTC6930-7.37: 7.372800MHz ÷ N
LTC6930-8.00: 8.000000MHz ÷ N
LTC6930-8.19: 8.192000MHz ÷ N
Where N = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128
(N Determined by State of DIVA, DIVB, DIVC Pins)
–55°C to 125°C Operating Temperature Range
Tiny 2mm
3mm DFN or MS8 Package
applicaTions
n
n
n
n
Digitally Controlled Oscillator
Microprocessor Clock
Power Supply Clock
Portable and Battery Operated Devices
Typical applicaTion
4MHz Micropower Clock Generator
V
+
= 1.7V TO 5.5V
I
S
= 325µA AT 3V
DC
70
Typical Frequency Error Distribution
T
A
= 25°C
V
+
= 3V
60 DIV = 0
1045 UNITS
50
UNITS
40
30
20
0.1µF
V
+
V
+
4MHz
DIVA
OUT
LTC6930-8.00
DIVB
DIVC
GND
GND
10
0
–0.10
–0.05
0
0.05
FREQUENCY ERROR (%)
0.10
6930 TA01b
6930 TA01a
6930fe
For more information
www.linear.com/LTC6930
1
LTC6930-X.XX
absoluTe MaxiMuM raTings
(Note 1)
Total Supply Voltage
(V
+
to GND) ............................................. –0.3V to 6V
Any Input Pin to GND
(DIV Pins) ......................................–0.3V to V
+
+ 0.3V
Operating Temperature Range (Note 2)
LTC6930C ............................................ –40°C to 85°C
LTC6930I.............................................. –40°C to 85°C
LTC6930H .......................................... –40°C to 125°C
LT6930MP.......................................... –55°C to 125°C
Specified Temperature Range (Note 3)
LTC6930C ................................................ 0°C to 70°C
LTC6930I.............................................. –40°C to 85°C
LTC6930H .......................................... –40°C to 125°C
LT6930MP.......................................... –55°C to 125°C
Storage Temperature Range................... –65°C to 150°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) .................. 300°C
pin conFiguraTion
TOP VIEW
V
+
1
GND 2
DIVA 3
DIVB 4
9
8 V
+
7 OUT
6 GND
5 DIVC
TOP VIEW
V
+
GND
DIVA
DIVB
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
V
+
OUT
GND
DIVC
DCB PACKAGE
8-LEAD (2mm
×
3mm) PLASTIC DFN
T
JMAX
= 125°C,
θ
JA
= 64°C/W
EXPOSED PAD (PIN 9) MUST BE SOLDERED TO GND
MS8 PACKAGE
8-LEAD PLASTIC MSOP
T
JMAX
= 150°C,
θ
JA
= 300°C/W
(SINGLE-LAYER BOARD)
orDer inForMaTion
Lead Free Finish
TAPE AND REEL (MINI)
LTC6930CDCB-4.19#TRMPBF
LTC6930IDCB-4.19#TRMPBF
LTC6930HDCB-4.19#TRMPBF
LTC6930CDCB-5.00#TRMPBF
LTC6930IDCB-5.00#TRMPBF
LTC6930HDCB-5.00#TRMPBF
LTC6930CDCB-7.37#TRMPBF
LTC6930IDCB-7.37#TRMPBF
LTC6930HDCB-7.37#TRMPBF
LTC6930CDCB-8.00#TRMPBF
LTC6930IDCB-8.00#TRMPBF
LTC6930HDCB-8.00#TRMPBF
LTC6930CDCB-8.19#TRMPBF
LTC6930IDCB-8.19#TRMPBF
LTC6930HDCB-8.19#TRMPBF
TRM = 500 pieces.
TAPE AND REEL
LTC6930CDCB-4.19#TRPBF
LTC6930IDCB-4.19#TRPBF
LTC6930HDCB-4.19#TRPBF
LTC6930CDCB-5.00#TRPBF
LTC6930IDCB-5.00#TRPBF
LTC6930HDCB-5.00#TRPBF
LTC6930CDCB-7.37#TRPBF
LTC6930IDCB-7.37#TRPBF
LTC6930HDCB-7.37#TRPBF
LTC6930CDCB-8.00#TRPBF
LTC6930IDCB-8.00#TRPBF
LTC6930HDCB-8.00#TRPBF
LTC6930CDCB-8.19#TRPBF
LTC6930IDCB-8.19#TRPBF
LTC6930HDCB-8.19#TRPBF
PART MARKING*
LCKT
LCKT
LCKT
LCKV
LCKV
LCKV
LCKW
LCKW
LCKW
LCKX
LCKX
LCKX
LCKY
LCKY
LCKY
PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
8-Lead (2mm
3mm) Plastic DFN
8-Lead (2mm
3mm) Plastic DFN
8-Lead (2mm
3mm) Plastic DFN
8-Lead (2mm
3mm) Plastic DFN
8-Lead (2mm
3mm) Plastic DFN
8-Lead (2mm
3mm) Plastic DFN
8-Lead (2mm
3mm) Plastic DFN
8-Lead (2mm
3mm) Plastic DFN
8-Lead (2mm
3mm) Plastic DFN
8-Lead (2mm
3mm) Plastic DFN
8-Lead (2mm
3mm) Plastic DFN
8-Lead (2mm
3mm) Plastic DFN
8-Lead (2mm
3mm) Plastic DFN
8-Lead (2mm
3mm) Plastic DFN
8-Lead (2mm
3mm) Plastic DFN
TEMPERATURE RANGE
0°C to 70°C
–40°C to 85°C
–40°C to 125°C
0°C to 70°C
–40°C to 85°C
–40°C to 125°C
0°C to 70°C
–40°C to 85°C
–40°C to 125°C
0°C to 70°C
–40°C to 85°C
–40°C to 125°C
0°C to 70°C
–40°C to 85°C
–40°C to 125°C
6930fe
2
For more information
www.linear.com/LTC6930
LTC6930-X.XX
orDer inForMaTion
LEAD FREE FINISH
LTC6930CMS8-4.19#PBF
LTC6930IMS8-4.19#PBF
LTC6930HMS8-4.19#PBF
LTC6930MPMS8-4.19#PBF
LTC6930CMS8-5.00#PBF
LTC6930IMS8-5.00#PBF
LTC6930HMS8-5.00#PBF
LTC6930MPMS8-5.00#PBF
LTC6930CMS8-7.37#PBF
LTC6930IMS8-7.37#PBF
LTC6930HMS8-7.37#PBF
LTC6930MPMS8-7.37#PBF
LTC6930CMS8-8.00#PBF
LTC6930IMS8-8.00#PBF
LTC6930HMS8-8.00#PBF
LTC6930MPMS8-8.00#PBF
LTC6930CMS8-8.19#PBF
LTC6930IMS8-8.19#PBF
LTC6930HMS8-8.19#PBF
LTC6930MPMS8-8.19#PBF
TAPE AND REEL
LTC6930CMS8-4.19#TRPBF
LTC6930IMS8-4.19#TRPBF
LTC6930HMS8-4.19#TRPBF
LTC6930MPMS8-4.19#TRPBF
LTC6930CMS8-5.00#TRPBF
LTC6930IMS8-5.00#TRPBF
LTC6930HMS8-5.00#TRPBF
LTC6930MPMS8-5.00#TRPBF
LTC6930CMS8-7.37#TRPBF
LTC6930IMS8-7.37#TRPBF
LTC6930HMS8-7.37#TRPBF
LTC6930MPMS8-7.37#TRPBF
LTC6930CMS8-8.00#TRPBF
LTC6930IMS8-8.00#TRPBF
LTC6930HMS8-8.00#TRPBF
LTC6930MPMS8-8.00#TRPBF
LTC6930CMS8-8.19#TRPBF
LTC6930IMS8-8.19#TRPBF
LTC6930HMS8-8.19#TRPBF
LTC6930MPMS8-8.19#TRPBF
PART MARKING* PACKAGE DESCRIPTION
LTCKZ
LTCKZ
LTCKZ
LTCKZ
LTCLB
LTCLB
LTCLB
LTCLB
LTCLC
LTCLC
LTCLC
LTCLC
LTCLD
LTCLD
LTCLD
LTCLD
LTCLF
LTCLF
LTCLF
LTCLF
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
8-Lead Plastic MSOP
TEMPERATURE RANGE
0°C to 70°C
–40°C to 85°C
–40°C to 125°C
–55°C to 125°C
0°C to 70°C
–40°C to 85°C
–40°C to 125°C
–55°C to 125°C
0°C to 70°C
–40°C to 85°C
–40°C to 125°C
–55°C to 125°C
0°C to 70°C
–40°C to 85°C
–40°C to 125°C
–55°C to 125°C
0°C to 70°C
–40°C to 85°C
–40°C to 125°C
–55°C to 125°C
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges.*Temperature grades are identified by a label on the shipping container.
Consult LTC Marketing for information on lead based finish parts.
For more information on lead free part marking, go to:
http://www.linear.com/leadfree/
For more information on tape and reel specifications, go to:
http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/
ac elecTrical characTerisTics
SYMBOL
Δfi
Δf
PARAMETER
Initial Frequency Accuracy
Frequency Accuracy
(Note 4)
CONDITIONS
The
l
denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at T
A
= 25°C. Unless otherwise noted, specifications apply over the full range of
operating supply voltage and frequency output: V
+
= 1.7V to 5.5V and all DIV settings with C
LOAD
= 5pF R
LOAD
= ∞.
,
MIN
TYP
0.08
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
MAX
0.09
±0.45
±0.65
±1
±0.52
±0.65
±1.1
±0.8
±0.95
±1.3
UNITS
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%/°C
%/°C
%/V
ppm/√kHr
6930fe
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, T
A
= 25°C, V
+
= 3V
V
+
= 3V – 3.6V
LTC6930C
LTC6930I
LTC6930H/LTC6930MP
V
+
= 2V – 3.6V
LTC6930C
LTC6930I
LTC6930H/LTC6930MP
V
+
= 1.7V – 5.5V
LTC6930C
LTC6930I
LTC6930H/LTC6930MP
±0.1
±0.1
±0.1
±0.1
±0.1
±0.1
±0.1
±0.1
±0.1
0.0001
0.001
0.07
30
Δf/ΔT
Δf/ΔV
Frequency Drift Over Temperature
Frequency Drift Over Supply
Long-Term Frequency Stability
MS8 Package
DCB Package
(Note 5)
l
For more information
www.linear.com/LTC6930
3
LTC6930-X.XX
ac elecTrical characTerisTics
SYMBOL
PARAMETER
RMS Period Jitter
CONDITIONS
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, V
+
= 3V
LTC6930-4.19 (4.194304MHz)
LTC6930-5.00 (5.000000MHz)
LTC6930-7.37 (7.372800MHz)
LTC6930-8.00 (8.000000MHz)
LTC6930-8.19 (8.192000MHz)
The
l
denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at T
A
= 25°C. Unless otherwise noted, specifications apply over the full range of
operating supply voltage and frequency output: V
+
= 1.7V to 5.5V and all DIV settings with C
LOAD
= 5pF R
LOAD
= ∞.
,
MIN
TYP
320
1.7
225
1.2
180
0.97
130
0.8
130
0.8
MAX
UNITS
ps RMS
ns
P-P
ps RMS
ns
P-P
ps RMS
ns
P-P
ps RMS
ns
P-P
ps RMS
ns
P-P
Dc elecTrical characTerisTics
SYMBOL
V
S
I
S,DC
PARAMETER
Supply Voltage Applied Between
V
+
and GND
V
+
Combined Supply Current
CONDITIONS
The
l
denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at T
A
= 25°C. Unless otherwise noted, specifications apply over the full range of
operating supply voltage and frequency output: V
+
= 1.7V to 5.5V and all DIV settings with C
LOAD
= 5pF R
LOAD
= ∞.
,
l
MIN
1.7
TYP
MAX
5.5
290
420
750
160
190
355
430
570
960
176
212
375
480
660
1310
220
273
440
520
740
1380
240
295
475
490
760
1400
270
325
540
1.4
UNITS
V
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
µA
V
6930fe
LTC6930-4.19
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, V
+
= 1.7V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, V
+
= 3V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, V
+
= 5.5V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 1, V
+
= 1.7V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 1, V
+
= 3V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 1, V
+
= 5.5V
LTC6930-5.00
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, V
+
= 1.7V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, V
+
= 3V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, V
+
= 5.5V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 1, V
+
= 1.7V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 1, V
+
= 3V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 1, V
+
= 5.5V
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
170
260
490
80
105
130
201
307
579
95
124
154
296
453
853
139
183
226
321
491
926
151
198
246
310
500
880
150
190
210
1.25
I
S,DC
V
+
Combined Supply Current
LTC6930-7.37
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, V
+
= 1.7V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, V
+
= 3V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, V
+
= 5.5V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 1, V
+
= 1.7V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 1, V
+
= 3V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 1, V
+
= 5.5V
LTC6930-8.00
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, V
+
= 1.7V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, V
+
= 3V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, V
+
= 5.5V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 1, V
+
= 1.7V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 1, V
+
= 3V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 1, V
+
= 5.5V
LTC6930-8.19
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, V
+
= 1.7V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, V
+
= 3V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, V
+
= 5.5V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 1, V
+
= 1.7V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 1, V
+
= 3V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 1, V
+
= 5.5V
V
IH
Minimum High Level Input Voltage,
All Digital Input Pins
4
For more information
www.linear.com/LTC6930
LTC6930-X.XX
Dc elecTrical characTerisTics
SYMBOL
V
IL
I
IN
R
OUT
V
OH
PARAMETER
Maximum Low Level Input Voltage,
All Digital Input Pins
Digital Input Leakage Current, All
Digital Input Pins
Output Resistance
High Level Output Voltage
CONDITIONS
l
The
l
denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at T
A
= 25°C. Unless otherwise noted, specifications apply over the full range of
operating supply voltage and frequency output: V
+
= 1.7V to 5.5V and all DIV settings with C
LOAD
= 5pF R
LOAD
= ∞.
,
MIN
0.7
TYP
1.25
MAX
UNITS
V
µA
Ω
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.5
0.35
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
0 < V
IN
< V
+
OUT Pin, V
+
= 3V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, No Load
V
+
= 5.5V
V
+
= 3V
V
+
= 2V
V
+
= 1.7V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, 1kΩ Load to GND
V
+
= 5.5V
V
+
= 3V
V
+
= 2V
V
+
= 1.7V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, No Load
V
+
= 5.5V
V
+
= 3V
V
+
= 2V
V
+
= 1.7V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0, 1kΩ Load to V
+
V
+
= 5.5V
V
+
= 3V
V
+
= 2V
V
+
= 1.7V
l
±1
40
l
l
l
5.4
2.9
1.8
5
2.6
1.5
5.5
3
2
1.7
5.2
2.7
1.6
1.5
0
0
0
0
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
l
l
l
V
OL
Low Level Output Voltage
l
l
l
l
l
l
TiMing characTerisTics
SYMBOL
t
rf
DCY
PARAMETER
Duty Cycle
The
l
denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature
range, otherwise specifications are at T
A
= 25°C. Unless otherwise noted, specifications apply over the full range of operating supply
voltage and frequency output: V
+
= 1.7V to 5.5V and f
OUT
= 32.768kHz to 8.192MHz with C
LOAD
= 5pF R
LOAD
= ∞.
,
CONDITIONS
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0; V
+
= 2V to 5.5V
DIVA = DIVB = DIVC = 0
DIVA or DIVB or DIVC ≠ 0
Edge of DIV Signal to 1st Accurate Output Cycle
V
+
> 1.7V to 1st Accurate Output Cycle
l
l
l
l
MIN
35
35
48
TYP
3
50
50
50
1
MAX
65
70
52
110
UNITS
ns
%
%
%
Cycle
µs
Output Rise/Fall Time (10% to 90%) V
+
= 3V
D
DIV
D
PON
DIV to OUT Delay
Power On Delay
Note 1:
Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute
Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device
reliability and lifetime.
Note 2:
LTC6930C is guaranteed functional over the operating range of
–40°C to 85°C.
Note 3:
The LTC6930C is guaranteed to meet specified performance from
0°C to 70°C. The LTC6930C is designed, characterized and expected to
meet specified performance from –40°C to 85°C but is not tested or QA
sampled at these temperatures. The LTC6930I is guaranteed to meet
specified performance from –40°C to 85°C. The LTC6930H is guaranteed
to meet specified performance from –40°C to 125°C. The LTC6930MP is
guaranteed to meet specified performance from –55°C to 125°C.
Note 4:
Frequency accuracy and frequency drift are defined as deviation
from the nominal frequency or the nominal frequency divided by the
integer set through the DIV pins for each part. The nominal frequency for
the LTC6930 family of parts are defined as follows:
LTC6930-4.19
f
NOM
= 4.194304MHz
LTC6930-5.00
f
NOM
= 5.000000MHz
LTC6930-7.37
f
NOM
= 7.372800MHz
LTC6930-8.00
f
NOM
= 8.000000MHz
LTC6930-8.19
f
NOM
= 8.192000MHz
Note 5:
Long-term drift of silicon oscillators is primarily due to the
movement of ions and impurities within the silicon and is tested at 30°C
under otherwise nominal operating conditions. Long-term drift is specified
as ppm/√kHr due to the typically non-linear nature of the drift. To calculate
drift for a set time period, translate that time into thousands of hours,
take the square root and multiply by the typical drift number. For instance,
a year is 8.77kHr and would yield a drift of 89ppm at 30ppm/√kHr. Drift
without power applied to the device may be approximated as 1/10th of the
drift with power, or 3ppm/√kHr for a 30ppm/√kHr device.
I need to use FPGA to implement a numerical algorithm - QP (quadratic normalization problem). I have no experience in this area. Can you provide some suggestions and ideas? Thank you....
[i=s]This post was last edited by paulhyde on 2014-9-15 03:40[/i] RT, the review has been passed, but it still shows as being shipped, but there is no shipment and no waybill number....
Chapter 4 Hanker TM4C123 Peripheral Application 4.2 Analysis of TM4C123 System Clock 4.21 Principle Analysis: Today we will discuss how to set the system clock of TM4C123. What you need to know is act...
Problem with updating the design library MegaFunction. The original design used Quartus6, and now it is being upgraded to Quartus11.0. Compilation errors occurred, and the following libraries are miss...
On August 24th, Jin Yuzhi, CEO of Huawei's Intelligent Automotive Solutions BU, announced the first automotive application of Huawei Qiankun's unique Limera technology. This technology eliminates t...[Details]
A parallel inverter consists of two thyristors (T1 and T2), a capacitor, a center-tapped transformer, and an inductor. The thyristors provide a current path, while the inductor L maintains a consta...[Details]
In recent years, many people have switched to new energy vehicles, and this type of vehicle has indeed been highly sought after and is considered the future direction of automobile development, and...[Details]
Current Development Status of DVR Market
A DVR, or digital video recorder, uses a hard disk for recording, unlike traditional analog video recorders. It's often called a DVR because it's a com...[Details]
Limited vocabulary recognition
According to the number of characters, words or short sentences in the vocabulary, it can be roughly divided into: less than 100 is small vocabulary; 100-1000 is...[Details]
Since the beginning of this year, price wars have intensified, new models have been launched one after another, used cars with zero kilometers have become a hot topic, and the industry's internal c...[Details]
introduction
Sonar imaging is of great significance in marine resource development and defense. Its long range, intuitive display of the observed area, and target identification make it widely...[Details]
While the current industry consensus is that autonomous vehicles are robots and that their systems are managed using robotics-developed thinking, there are also cases where autonomous driving is ac...[Details]
As the range of electric vehicles continues to increase, driving electric vehicles for long-distance travel has become a trend. For high-speed travel, how much impact will high-speed driving of ele...[Details]
On August 18th, China's largest expressway
charging station,
the G25 Changshen Expressway Tonglu Service Area (South Area), officially opened and launched its integrated solar-storage-charg...[Details]
0 Introduction
With a rapidly aging population, a young couple is now required to care for an increasing number of elderly people, leading to a growing difficulty in providing care for them. E...[Details]
With the development of vehicle technology, there are more types of cars. Cars are divided into hybrid, pure electric vehicles, and fuel vehicles. For hybrid cars, they are divided into plug-in hyb...[Details]
Pure electric vehicles have experienced rapid growth in recent years, and many consumers now consider them as a top choice when purchasing a car. But do you know how to choose a satisfactory and sa...[Details]
We know that the power output by the engine does not directly act on the wheels to drive the car, but needs to pass through a series of power transmission mechanisms. So how is the power transmitte...[Details]
New energy electric vehicles are energy-saving, environmentally friendly, have low operating costs, and enjoy strong support from national policies. With the growth in sales of new energy electric ...[Details]
Microcontroller MCU
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