or DC110 - 370 (AC50 or DC70 Please refer to the instruction manual 2.1 Input voltage
*
8)
0.40typ (CURRENT1)
0.20typ (CURRENT1)
50/60 (47 - 440) or DC
74typ (CURRENT1)
78typ (CURRENT1)
77typ (CURRENT1)
80typ (CURRENT1)
15typ (CURRENT1) (At cold start)
30typ (CURRENT1) (At cold start)
0.15/0.30max (ACIN 100V/240V 60Hz, Io=100%, According to IEC60950-1,DENAN)
/ ( +30V reference number )
/ ( +24V reference number )
t
12
t
15
0.7
/ 0.7
0.5
/ 0.5
1.4
/-
1.0
/-
60max
/ 96max
60max
/ 96max
600max
/ 150max
600max
/ 150max
750max
/-
750max
/-
120max
/ 240max
120max
/ 240max
160max
/ 320max
160max
/ 320max
150max
/ 300max
150max
/ 300max
180max
/ 360max
180max
/ 360max
120max
150max
150max
180max
48max
60max
200typ(ACIN 100V, Io=100%)
*
Start-up time is 700ms typ for less than 1minute of applying input again from turning off the input voltage.
20typ (ACIN 100V, Io=100%)
9.60 - 13.2 (+V and -V are simultaneously adjusted)
13.2 - 16.5 (+V and -V are simultaneously adjusted)
11.5 - 12.5 (+V and -V CURRENT1)
14.4 - 15.6 (+V and -V CURRENT1)
Works over 105% of rated current and recovers automatically
16.8 - 24.0
20.0 - 29.0
LED (Green)
None
AC3,000V 1minute, Cutoff current = 10mA, DC500V 50M
W
min (At Room Temperature)
AC2,000V 1minute, Cutoff current = 10mA, DC500V 50M
W
min (At Room Temperature)
AC500V 1minute, Cutoff current = 25mA, DC500V 50M
W
min (At Room Temperature)
-10 to +71
C
(Required Derating), 20 - 90%RH (Non condensing) 3,000m (10,000feet) max
-20 to +75
C
, 20 - 90%RH (Non condensing) 9,000m (30,000feet) max
10 - 55Hz, 19.6m/s
2
(2G), 3minutes period, 60minutes each along X, Y and Z axis
196.1m/s
2
(20G), 11ms, once each X, Y and Z axis
UL60950-1, C-UL(CSA60950-1), EN60950-1, EN50178 Complies with DEN-AN
Complies with FCC Part15 classB, VCCI-B, CISPR22-B, EN55011-B, EN55022-B
Complies with IEC61000-3-2 (Not built-in to active filter
*
7)
*
12
31
X
78
X
85mm [1.22
X
3.07
X
3.35 inches] (without terminal block) (W
X
H
X
D) / 200g max (with cover : 235g max)
Convection
side is fixed.
*5
The sum of +power -power must be less than output power.
*6
t12,t15
can be used as +24 and +30.
*7
When two or more units are used,they may not comply with
the harmonic attenuator. Please contact us for details.
*8
Derating is required.
*9
Figures to rated current 1.
*10
Please contact us about safety approvals for the model with
option.
*11
Please contact us about dynamic load and input response.
*12
Please contact us about class C.
*
Parallel operation with other model is not possible.
*
Derating is required when operated with cover.
*
A sound may occur from power supply at peak loading.
OUTPUT
PROTECTION
CIRCUIT AND
OTHERS
ISOLATION
ENVIRONMENT
SAFETY AND
NOISE
REGULATIONS
OTHERS
*1
Measured by 20MHz oscilloscope or Ripple-Noise
meter(equivalent to KEISOKU-GIKEN : RM101).
*2
Drift is the change in DC output for an eight hour period
after a half-hour warm-up at 25C.
*3
Figures for 0 to rated current 1.The current not measured
side is fixed.
*4
Figures for 0 to rated current 2.The current not measured
PBA/PBW-26
PBA/PBW-26
PBW15F
Block diagram
PBA/PBW
FUSE
AC250V
2.5A
AC IN
85
-
264V
NOISE
FILTER
INRUSH
CURRENT
LIMIT
RECTIFIER
AND
FILTER
FG
TRANSFORMER
CONTROL
INVERTER
RECTIFIER
AND
FILTER
+V
COM
DC
OUT
CURRENT
SENSING
Photocoupler
RECTIFIER
AND
FILTER
-V
CONTROL
Photocoupler
OVER VOLTAGE
PROTECTION
External view
¶
External size of option T,J,N,N1 and V is different from standard model and refer to 7 Option of instruction manual for details.
18
Voltage adjust
12.2
±
1.5
[0.48]
[0.71]
2.5
[0.1]
LED
16.5
±
2
Cover name plate
[0.65]
85
[3.35]
+V
COM
70.5
[2.78]
M3
FG
34.5
31
±
0.5
[1.22]
AC(N)
15.1
±
1.5
[0.59]
[0.45] [0.37]
11.5 9.5
Terminal cover
2-M3
Mounting hole
36.5
[1.44]
Point A:C102
22.6
±
1.5
[0.89]
Name plate
[1.36]
AC(L)
[0.3]
7.5
78
-V
2-M3
Mounting hole
[3.07]
Cover (option)
¶
Tolerance :
±1
[±0.04]
¶
Weight : 200g max (with cover : 235g max)
¶
PCB Material/thickness : CEM3 / 1.6mm [0.06]
¶
Chassis material : Electric galvanizing steel board
¶
Dimensions in mm, [
]= inches
¶
Mounting torque : 0.6N
•
m(6.3kgf
•
cm)max
¶
Screw tightening torque : M3 0.8N
•
m(8.5kgf
•
cm)max
¶
Please connect safety ground to the unit in 2-M3 holes.
60
±
0.5
[2.36]
5
[0.2]
[0.71]
18
[1.22]
31
PBA15F
PBW15F
[1.36]
34.5
PBA/PBW-27
PBA/PBW-27
AC-DC Power Supplies Enclosed Type
Ordering information
PBA/PBW
PBA/PBW
PBW30F
PB
1
2
W
3
30
4
F
5
-O
6
-O
R
Recommended EMI/EMC Filter
NAC-06-472
1Series
name
2Dual
output
3Output
wattage
4Universal
input
5Output
voltage
6Optional
*10
C :with Coating
G :Low leakage current
E :Low leakage current
and EMI class A
T :Vertical terminal block
J :Connector type
N :with Cover
N1 :with DIN rail
V :Output voltage setting
potentiometer external-
ly
High voltage pulse noise type : NAP series
Low leakage current type : NAM series
*The
EMI/EMC Filter is recommended
*to
connect with several devices.
Cover is optional
MODEL
MAX OUTPUT WATTAGE[W]
DC OUTPUT
PBW30F-5
15
VOLTAGE[V]
*
6
t
5 ( +10 )
CURRENT1[A] 1.5
CURRENT2[A]
*
5
2.0
*
5
PBW30F-12
31.2
t
12 ( +24 )
1.3
1.7
PBW30F-15
30.0
t
15 ( +30 )
1.0
1.4
SPECIFICATIONS
MODEL
VOLTAGE[V]
CURRENT[A]
FREQUENCY[Hz]
INPUT
ACIN 100V
ACIN 200V
ACIN 100V
INRUSH CURRENT[A]
ACIN 200V
LEAKAGE CURRENT[mA]
VOLTAGE[V]
CURRENT1[A]
CURRENT2[A]
*
5
*
9
LINE REGULATION[mV]
*
11
*
3
LOAD REGULATION 1[mV]
*
11
*
4
LOAD REGULATION 2[mV]
*
11
0 to +50
C
*
1
RIPPLE[mVp-p]
-10 - 0
C
*
1
0 to +50
C
*
1
RIPPLE NOISE[mVp-p]
-10 - 0
C
*
1
0 to +50
C
TEMPERATURE REGULATION[mV]
-10 to +50
C
DRIFT[mV]
*
2
START-UP TIME[ms]
HOLD-UP TIME[ms]
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT RANGE[V]
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SETTING[V]
OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION[V]
OPERATING INDICATION
REMOTE ON/OFF
INPUT-OUTPUT
INPUT-FG
OUTPUT-FG
OPERATING TEMP.,HUMID.AND ALTITUDE
STORAGE TEMP.,HUMID.AND ALTITUDE
VIBRATION
IMPACT
AGENCY APPROVALS (At only AC input)
CONDUCTED NOISE
HARMONIC ATTENUATOR
CASE SIZE/WEIGHT
COOLING METHOD
EFFICIENCY[%]
ACIN 100V
ACIN 200V
PBW30F-5
PBW30F-12
PBW30F-15
AC85 - 264 1
f
or DC110 - 370 (AC50 or DC70 Please refer to the instruction manual 2.1 Input voltage
*
8)
0.4typ (CURRENT1)
0.7typ (CURRENT1)
0.25typ (CURRENT1)
0.4typ (CURRENT1)
50/60 (47 - 440) or DC
75typ (CURRENT1)
77typ (CURRENT1)
78typ (CURRENT1)
75typ (CURRENT1)
81typ (CURRENT1)
79typ (CURRENT1)
15typ (CURRENT1) (At cold start)
30typ (CURRENT1) (At cold start)
0.30/0.65max (ACIN 100V/240V 60Hz, Io=100%, According to IEC60950-1,DENAN)
/ ( +10V reference number )
t
12
/ ( +24V reference number )
t
15
/ ( +30V reference number )
t
5
1.5
/ 1.5
1.3
/ 1.3
1.0
/ 1.0
2.0
/-
1.7
/-
1.4
/-
20max
/ 36max
60max
/ 96max
60max
/ 96max
250max
/ 100max
600max
/ 150max
600max
/ 150max
500max
/-
750max
/-
750max
/-
80max
/ 240max
120max
/ 240max
120max
/ 240max
140max
/ 320max
160max
/ 320max
160max
/ 320max
120max
/ 300max
150max
/ 300max
150max
/ 300max
160max
/ 360max
180max
/ 360max
180max
/ 360max
50max
120max
150max
60max
150max
180max
20max
48max
60max
200typ(ACIN 100V, Io=100%)
*
Start-up time is 700ms typ for less than 1minute of applying input again from turning off the input voltage.
20typ (ACIN 100V, Io=100%)
4.99 - 6.00 (+V and -V are simultaneously adjusted) 9.60 - 13.2 (+V and -V are simultaneously adjusted) 13.2 - 16.5 (+V and -V are simultaneously adjusted)
4.99 - 5.30 (+V and -V CURRENT1)
11.5 - 12.5 (+V and -V CURRENT1)
14.4 - 15.6 (+V and -V CURRENT1)
Works over 105% of rated current and recovers automatically
6.90 - 10.0
16.8 - 24.0
20.0 - 29.0
LED (Green)
None
AC3,000V 1minute, Cutoff current = 10mA, DC500V 50M
W
min (At Room Temperature)
AC2,000V 1minute, Cutoff current = 10mA, DC500V 50M
W
min (At Room Temperature)
AC500V 1minute, Cutoff current = 25mA, DC500V 50M
W
min (At Room Temperature)
-10 to +71
C
(Required Derating), 20 - 90%RH (Non condensing) 3,000m (10,000feet) max
-20 to +75
C
, 20 - 90%RH (Non condensing) 9,000m (30,000feet) max
10 - 55Hz, 19.6m/s
2
(2G), 3minutes period, 60minutes each along X, Y and Z axis
196.1m/s
2
(20G), 11ms, once each X, Y and Z axis
UL60950-1, C-UL(CSA60950-1), EN60950-1, EN50178 Complies with DEN-AN
Complies with FCC Part15 classB, VCCI-B, CISPR22-B, EN55011-B, EN55022-B
Complies with IEC61000-3-2 (Not built-in to active filter
*
7)
*
12
31
X
78
X
103mm [1.22
X
3.07
X
4.06 inches] (without terminal block) (W
X
H
X
D) / 270g max (with cover : 310g max)
Convection
side is fixed.
*5
The sum of +power -power must be less than output power.
*6
t5,t12,t15
can be used as +10,+24 and +30.
*7
When two or more units are used,they may not comply with
the harmonic attenuator. Please contact us for details.
*8
Derating is required.
*9
Figures to rated current 1.
*10
Please contact us about safety approvals for the model with
option.
*11
Please contact us about dynamic load and input response.
*12
Please contact us about class C.
*
Parallel operation with other model is not possible.
*
Derating is required when operated with cover.
*
A sound may occur from power supply at peak loading.
OUTPUT
PROTECTION
CIRCUIT AND
OTHERS
ISOLATION
ENVIRONMENT
SAFETY AND
NOISE
REGULATIONS
OTHERS
*1
Measured by 20MHz oscilloscope or Ripple-Noise
meter(equivalent to KEISOKU-GIKEN : RM101).
*2
Drift is the change in DC output for an eight hour period
after a half-hour warm-up at 25C.
*3
Figures for 0 to rated current 1.The current not measured
side is fixed.
*4
Figures for 0 to rated current 2.The current not measured
PBA/PBW-28
PBA/PBW-28
PBW30F
Block diagram
PBA/PBW
FUSE
AC250V
3.15A
AC IN
85
-
264V
NOISE
FILTER
INRUSH
CURRENT
LIMIT
RECTIFIER
AND
FILTER
FG
TRANSFORMER
CONTROL
INVERTER
RECTIFIER
AND
FILTER
+V
COM
DC
OUT
CURRENT
SENSING
Photocoupler
RECTIFIER
AND
FILTER
-V
CONTROL
Photocoupler
OVER VOLTAGE
PROTECTION
External view
¶
External size of option T,J,N,N1 and V is different from standard model and refer to 7 Option of instruction manual for details.
18
Voltage adjust
12.2
±
1.5
[0.48]
[0.71]
2.5
[0.1]
LED
16.5
±
2
Cover name plate
[0.65]
103
[4.06]
+V
COM
[2.78]
M3
70.5
FG
[0.3]
7.5
AC(N)
[0.45] [0.37]
11.5 9.5
15.1
±
1.5
[0.59]
Terminal cover
2-M3
Mounting hole
46
±
0.5
[1.81]
40.5
[1.59]
22.6
±
1.5
[0.89]
Point A:C102
Name plate
2-M3
Mounting hole
36.5
AC(L)
[1.44]
78
-V
Cover (option)
[3.07]
¶
Tolerance :
±1
[±0.04]
¶
Weight : 270g max (with cover : 310g max)
¶
PCB Material/thickness : CEM3 / 1.6mm [0.06]
¶
Chassis material : Electric galvanizing steel board
¶
Dimensions in mm, [
]= inches
¶
Mounting torque : 0.6N
•
m(6.3kgf
•
cm)max
¶
Screw tightening torque : M3 0.8N
•
m(8.5kgf
•
cm)max
¶
Please connect safety ground to the unit in 2-M3 holes.
75
±
0.5
[2.95]
8.5
[0.33]
[0.71]
18
[1.22]
31
PBA30F
PBW30F
34.5
[1.36]
PBA/PBW-29
PBA/PBW-29
AC-DC Power Supplies Enclosed Type
Ordering information
PBA/PBW
PBA/PBW
PBW50F
PB
1
2
W
3
50
4
F
5
-O
6
-O
R
Recommended EMI/EMC Filter
NAC-06-472
High voltage pulse noise type : NAP series
Low leakage current type : NAM series
*The
EMI/EMC Filter is recommended
*to
connect with several devices.
1Series
name
2Dual
output
3Output
wattage
4Universal
input
5Output
voltage
6Optional
*9
C :with Coating
G :Low leakage current
(0.15mA max / ACIN 240V)
E :Low leakage current
and EMI class A
(0.5mA max / ACIN 240V)
T :Vertical terminal block
J :Connector type
R :with Remote ON/OFF
N :with Cover
N1 :with DIN rail
V :Output voltage setting
potentiometer external-
ly
Cover is optional
MODEL
MAX OUTPUT WATTAGE[W]
DC OUTPUT
PBW50F-5
30
VOLTAGE[V]
*
8
t
5 ( +10 )
CURRENT1[A] 3.0
CURRENT2[A]
*
6
4.0
*
6
PBW50F-12
50.4
t
12 ( +24 )
2.1
2.7
PBW50F-15
51
t
15 ( +30 )
1.7
2.4
SPECIFICATIONS
MODEL
VOLTAGE[V]
CURRENT[A]
FREQUENCY[Hz]
INPUT
ACIN 100V
ACIN 200V
ACIN 100V
POWER FACTOR(Io=100%)
ACIN 200V
ACIN 100V
INRUSH CURRENT[A]
ACIN 200V
LEAKAGE CURRENT[mA]
VOLTAGE[V]
CURRENT1[A]
CURRENT2[A]
*
6
LINE REGULATION[mV]
LOAD REGULATION 1[mV]
*
4
LOAD REGULATION 2[mV]
*
5
0 to +50
C
*
1
RIPPLE[mVp-p]
-10 - 0
C
*
1
0 to +50
C
*
1
RIPPLE NOISE[mVp-p]
-10 - 0
C
*
1
0 to +50
C
TEMPERATURE REGULATION[mV]
-10 to +50
C
DRIFT[mV]
*
2
START-UP TIME[ms]
HOLD-UP TIME[ms]
OUTPUT VOLTAGE ADJUSTMENT RANGE[V]
OUTPUT VOLTAGE SETTING[V]
OVERCURRENT PROTECTION
OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION[V]
OPERATING INDICATION
REMOTE ON/OFF
INPUT-OUTPUT
-
RC
*
7
INPUT-FG
OUTPUT
-
RC-FG
*
7
OPERATING TEMP.,HUMID.AND ALTITUDE
STORAGE TEMP.,HUMID.AND ALTITUDE
VIBRATION
IMPACT
AGENCY APPROVALS (At only AC input)
CONDUCTED NOISE
HARMONIC ATTENUATOR
CASE SIZE/WEIGHT
COOLING METHOD
EFFICIENCY[%]
ACIN 100V
ACIN 200V
PBW50F-5
PBW50F-12
PBW50F-15
AC85 - 264 1
f
or DC120 - 370 (AC50 or DC70 Please refer to the instruction manual 2.1 Input voltage
*
3)
0.45typ (CURRENT1)
0.70typ (CURRENT1)
(CURRENT1)
0.30typ
0.40typ (CURRENT1)
50/60 (47 - 63)
76typ (CURRENT1)
81typ (CURRENT1)
81typ (CURRENT1)
77typ (CURRENT1)
83typ (CURRENT1)
83typ (CURRENT1)
0.98typ
0.99typ
0.87typ
0.93typ
15typ (CURRENT1) (At cold start)
30typ (CURRENT1) (At cold start)
0.40/0.75max (ACIN 100V/240V 60Hz, Io=100%, According to IEC60950-1,DENAN)
/ ( +10V reference number )
t
12
/ ( +24V reference number )
t
15
/ ( +30V reference number )
t
5
3.0
/ 3.0
2.1
/ 2.1
1.7
/ 1.7
4.0
/-
2.7
/-
2.4
/-
20max
/ 36max
48max
/ 96max
60max
/ 96max
250max
/ 100max
600max
/ 150max
600max
/ 150max
500max
/-
750max
/-
750max
/-
80max
/ 240max
120max
/ 240max
120max
/ 240max
140max
/ 320max
160max
/ 320max
160max
/ 320max
120max
/ 300max
150max
/ 300max
150max
/ 300max
160max
/ 360max
180max
/ 360max
180max
/ 360max
50max
120max
150max
60max
150max
180max
20max
48max
60max
350typ(ACIN 100V, Io=100%)
20typ (ACIN 100V, Io=100%)
4.99 - 6.00 (+V and -V are simultaneously adjusted) 9.60 - 13.2 (+V and -V are simultaneously adjusted) 13.2 - 16.5 (+V and -V are simultaneously adjusted)
4.99 - 5.30 (+V and -V CURRENT1)
11.5 - 12.5 (+V and -V CURRENT1)
14.4 - 15.6 (+V and -V CURRENT1)
Works over 105% of rated current and recovers automatically
6.90 - 10.0
16.8 - 24.0
20.0 - 29.0
LED (Green)
Optional (Required external power source)
AC3,000V 1minute, Cutoff current = 10mA, DC500V 50M
W
min (At Room Temperature)
AC2,000V 1minute, Cutoff current = 10mA, DC500V 50M
W
min (At Room Temperature)
AC500V 1minute, Cutoff current = 100mA, DC500V 50M
W
min (At Room Temperature)
-10 to +71
C
(Required Derating), 20 - 90%RH (Non condensing) 3,000m (10,000feet) max
-20 to +75
C
, 20 - 90%RH (Non condensing) 9,000m (30,000feet) max
10 - 55Hz, 19.6m/s
2
(2G), 3minutes period, 60minutes each along X, Y and Z axis
196.1m/s
2
(20G), 11ms, once each X, Y and Z axis
UL60950-1, C-UL(CSA60950-1), EN60950-1, EN50178 Complies with DEN-AN
Complies with FCC Part15 classB, VCCI-B, CISPR22-B, EN55011-B, EN55022-B
Complies with IEC61000-3-2
*
10
31
X
82
X
120mm [1.22
X
3.23
X
4.72 inches] (without terminal block) (W
X
H
X
D) / 280g max (with cover : 325g max)
Convection
*5
Figures for 0 to rated current 2.The current not measured
side is fixed.
*6
The sum of +power -power must be less than output power.
*7
RC is applied to remote ON/OFF option. RC is isolated with
input/output and FG.
*8
t5,t12,t15
can be used as +10,+24 and +30.
*9
Please contact us about safety approvals for the model with
option.
*10
Please contact us about class C.
*
Parallel operation with other model is not possible.
*
Derating is required when operated with cover.
*
A sound may occur from power supply at peak loading.
OUTPUT
PROTECTION
CIRCUIT AND
OTHERS
ISOLATION
ENVIRONMENT
SAFETY AND
NOISE
REGULATIONS
OTHERS
*1
Measured by 20MHz oscilloscope or Ripple-Noise
meter(equivalent to KEISOKU-GIKEN : RM101).
*2
Drift is the change in DC output for an eight hour period
after a half-hour warm-up at 25C.
*3
Derating is required.
*4
Figures for 0 to rated current 1.The current not measured
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It was compiled successfully under Platform Builder 4.2, but it shows that it cannot run when it is run! After the compilation is successful, the executable file server.exe is generated. However, in t...
1. Junwushi MP3 body, 1GB, the battery has a problem and cannot be charged.2. C8051F310 has been soldered on the adapter board. Chip data sheets, application notes, etc. can be found on the Xinhualong...
At present, the development of wireless power supply technology for electric vehicles (EVs) is becoming more and more active. In 2012, Volvo of Sweden established Volvo Technology Japan in Tokyo as...[Details]
Automotive applications are particularly sensitive to EMI events, which are unavoidable in a noisy electrical environment consisting of a central battery, bundled wiring harnesses, various inductiv...[Details]
In order to highlight the concept of "energy saving and environmental protection" of intelligent buildings, solar street lights are designed for intelligent communities. The inclination and capacit...[Details]
0 Introduction
With the development of society, people pay more and more attention to security work. Monitoring products have been used in various fields instead of being used only in importan...[Details]
Although it is relatively easy to check the stability of a simple amplifier at lower frequencies, it may be much more difficult to evaluate the stability of a more complex circuit. This artic...[Details]
From the PIC16F946 datasheet, we know that there are two ways to write values to the LCD for display:
1. Directly write the value to LCDDATA1~LCDDATA23
2. Use disconnect t...[Details]
Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are gradually replacing traditional edge emitting lasers, especially in low bandwidth and short-distance communication systems where cost factors ar...[Details]
Capacitance Measurement
Used to verify that capacitors meet the manufacturer's specifications. For quality control, a group of capacitors may be placed in an environmental chamber and the cap...[Details]
Introduction
Automakers are working to reduce vehicle weight to reduce CO2 emissions and improve fuel efficiency. Designers are therefore seeking new technologies and design techniques that can...[Details]
Traditional
virtual instruments
consist of a data acquisition
board
based on PCI bus and
corresponding software. However, with
the rapid development of
computer
network techno...[Details]
With the rapid development of wireless
digital communication
, more challenges have been raised for integrated circuit design and testing. In the product design stage, in order to ensure
t...[Details]
The launch of Shenzhou IX is imminent, and Tiangong is welcoming visitors again. Yesterday, Professor Fu Qiang, Vice President of the Institute of Science and Industrial Technology of Harbin Instit...[Details]
The invention of the steam engine ushered in the first conversion of internal energy and mechanical energy for mankind, and the birth of the internal combustion engine at the end of the 19th centur...[Details]
0 Introduction
With the rapid development of modern power electronics technology, various power electronic devices have been widely used in various fields such as power systems, industry, an...[Details]
1. Introduction
Stepper motor is a basic component that converts electrical energy into kinetic energy. It has been widely used in a variety of electromechanical equipment, such as various machine...[Details]
RF/Wirelessly
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