FERRITE DEVICES
Contents
FERRITE DEVICES
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
New
of y
irit log
Sp
no
ech
T
PAGE
CIRCULATORS AND ISOLATORS SPECIFIC REQUEST
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15-2
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
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15-3
DROP-IN CIRCULATORS & ISOLATORS
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15-9
All specifications contained in that catalog are subject to change without notice.
COAXIAL DEVICES
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15-19
WAVEGUIDE DEVICES
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15-34
DESIGN AID
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15-50
HOW TO ORDER?
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15-56
QUALITY ASSURANCE
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15-57
SALES OFFICES: VISIT OUR WEB SITE AT
http://www.temex.net
15-1
Vol. 1
FERRITE DEVICES
Specific request
CIRCULATOR AND ISOLATOR SPECIFIC REQUEST
ISOLATOR
TECHNOLOGY (drop-in, waveguide, etc.)
PART NUMBER (if existing)
OPERATING FREQUENCY
PACKAGE/DIMENSIONS
INPUT POWER (CW/Peak)
REVERSE POWER for isolator (CW/Peak)
INSERTION LOSS
ISOLATION
V.S.W.R.
OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
dB
dB
°C
CIRCULATOR
❑
COAXIAL
❑
WAVEGUIDE
Waveguide reference:
CONNECTORS (or flanges) AND TERMINATIONS
Port # 1:
Port # 2:
Port # 3:
Port # 4:
PORT CONFIGURATION
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONDITIONS
SPACE
MILITARY
COMMERCIAL
AIRBORNE
NAVAL
❑
❑
❑
❑
❑
Please, indicate the direction of circulation (outline):
Please fax this sheet to the sales office it may concern
FM: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Company: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Phone: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fax: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TO:TEMEX
COMMENTS:
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15-2
Vol. 1
Attention of M.: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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SALES OFFICES: VISIT OUR WEB SITE AT
http://www.temex.net
FERRITE DEVICES
Technical information /Technology
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
Y
-Junction circulator
PORT 1
PORT 2
The Y-junction circulator uses
spinel ferrites
or
garnet ferrites
in the presence of a magnetic bias field, to provide a non-reciprocal
effect. A 3-port circulator (shown in figure 1) is the basic model,
which can be used to explain how it operates.
If a signal is applied at port # 1, it will emerge from port # 2 with a loss
characteristic called “insertion loss” Typical values of insertion loss:
.
0.1 to 0.5 dB.
In the reverse direction, there will be leakage at port # 3 from
the incoming signal at port # 1. This leakage called isolation is typically
20 dB below incoming power at port # 1.
PORT 3
FIG. 1
Due to the “3rd order symmetry” of the Y-junction, the behavior is the same for the other ports, with
respect to port # 1 to port # 2, port # 2 to port # 3 and port # 3 to port # 1. The circulator's role is to pass
energy, for instance, in the RF-head of a radar, assuring high isolation between the high power
transmitter and the sensitive low power receiver (figure
2).
The Y-junction exists in three main technologies:
•
•
•
Coaxial devices:
these feature triplate technology with coaxial connectors.
Drop-in circulators:
in triplate or microstrip technology.
Waveguide devices:
it consist of three waveguides forming an H-plane junction in either a "T"
or a "Y"-symmetrical structure.
When very high power is needed, the technology uses a four-port differential phase shift duplexer.
ANTENNA
POWER
SOURCE
MISMATCH
LOAD
v
TRANSMITTER
CIRCULATOR
FIG. 2
v
v
~
RECEIVER
ISOLATOR
FIG. 3
15-3
Vol. 1
SALES OFFICES: VISIT OUR WEB SITE AT
http://www.temex.net
FERRITE DEVICES
Technical information / Technology
A Y-junction circulator can be made into an isolator by adding an internal termination on port # 3, for example.
The device passes signals with low loss (port # 1 to port # 2) and with high loss in the opposite direction.
It is used to "isolate" one microwave device from another. It can, for example, protect expensive,
high-power RF sources from variations in loading conditions or mismatching (see
figure 3).
4-Port differential phase shift circulator
This four-port-device is normally used with one load, such as a high-power circulator (duplexer),
or with two dummy loads, such as a high-power isolator.
This circulator consists of three basic parts:
•
•
•
Hybrid folded magic tee
Twin parallel ferrite phase shift sections
3 dB coupler
Resonance isolator - Waveguide devices
By magnetically biasing a ferrite inside a waveguide, the non-reciprocal effect is obtained: with low
losses in one direction and high losses (isolation) in the opposite direction.
Those isolators are only used for low and medium power (see figure 4).
The ferrite material has to dissipate the return power due to mismatch.
MAGNET
WAVEGUIDE
PORT
1
PORT
3
PORT
2
Ho
FOLDED
MAGIC TEE
1/2 DIFFERENTIAL
CELLES
3 dB
HYBRID
COUPLER
PORT 4
MAGNET
FERRITE
MATERIAL
4 PORT DIFFERENTIAL PHASE SHIFT CIRCULATOR
FIG. 4
FIG. 5
Ferrite switches
These devices change the polarity of the magnetic bias (N
©
S) and the RF-signal direction
of circulation. This is made by a coil instead of a magnet. This technology is used for ferrite switches
in both product lines:
•
•
Y-junction
4-port differential phase shift device
15-4
Vol. 1
SALES OFFICES: VISIT OUR WEB SITE AT
http://www.temex.net
FERRITE DEVICES
Technical information / Electrical features
ELECTRICAL FEATURES
All the parameters given in this section (insertion loss, isolation, VSWR, power) are absolute
maximum ratings assured in the operating temperature range.
Typical values are obviously better.
Insertion loss (I.L.)
If a signal is applied at port # 1, it will emerge from port # 2 with a loss characteristic called insertion
loss, which will be the ratio of the output signal to the input signal expressed in dB:
I.L dB = 10 log
10
Typical values: 0.1 to 0.4 dB.
[ ]
P
in
P
out
Isolation
•
For an isolator:
If a signal is applied at port # 2, it will emerge from port # 1 with a high insertion loss called
isolation, which is also expressed in dB (ratio of the output signal to the input signal).
•
For a circulator:
For a circulator, it should be noted that this parameter is not applicable. But it is common to use
this parameter as if the circulator could be made into an isolator by terminating one port (e.g. port
# 3) with a matched load. The isolation measured is dependent on the VSWR of both the
termination and the circulator port.
Typical values: -20 to -30 dB
VSWR
The reflection coefficient magnitude
or circulator (see Fig. 6).
ρ
characterizes the reflective property of each port of an isolator
ρ
=
√
P
reff
P
in
It is useful to use the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)
VSWR =
1 +
1 –
ρ
ρ
~
P
in
DUT
P
out
Typical values: 1.07: 1 to 1.25: 1
w
P
reff
FIG. 6
SALES OFFICES: VISIT OUR WEB SITE AT
http://www.temex.net
15-5
Vol. 1
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