R
EM MICROELECTRONIC -
MARIN SA
EM4223
Read-only UHF Radio Frequency Identification Device
according to ISO IEC 18000-6
Description
The EM4223 chip is used in UHF passive read-only
transponder applications. The chip derives its operating
power from an RF beam transmitted by the reader, which
is received and rectified by the chip. It transmits its
factory-programmed code back to the reader by varying
the amount of energy that is reflected from the chip
antenna circuit (passive backscatter modulation).
The air interface communication protocol is implemented
according to ISO18000-6 type A.
The code structure supports the effort of EPCglobal, Inc.
as an industry accepted standard.
It additionally incorporates the Fast Counting
Supertag™ protocol for applications where the fast
counting of large tag populations is required.
The chip is frequency agile, and can be used in the
range of 800 MHz to 2.5GHz for RF propagating field
applications.
Features
Air interface is ISO18000-6 type A compliant
Supports EAN•UCC and EPC™ data structures as
defined by the Auto-ID center
Supports Fast Counting Supertag™ mode
128 bit user memory license plate Group select by
means of ‘Application Family Identifier’ (AFI)
according to ISO
Fast reading of user data during arbitration (no need
to first take an inventory)
Specific command set for supply chain logistics
support.
Frequency independent: Typically used at 862 - 870
MHz, 902 - 950 MHz and 2.45 GHz
Low voltage operation - down to 1.0 V
Low power consumption
Cost effective
-40 to +85°C operating temperature range
Typical Applications
Supply chain management (SCM)
Tracking and tracing
Asset control
Licensing
Auto-tolling
Benefits
Numbering scheme according to international
standards
Operates worldwide according to the local radio
regulation
Ideal for applications where long range and high-
speed item identification is required
Key words
ISO 18000-6A
UHF
EPC™ data structure
Fast Supertag™
Typical Operating Configuration
A+
Connect pad A+
And V
SS
to a
dipole antenna
EM4223
V
DD
V
SS
Fig. 1
Chip design is a joint development with RFIP Solutions Ltd
Copyright
©
2004, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA
1
www.emmicroelectronic.com
R
EM4223
Table of contents
READ-ONLY UHF RADIO FREQUENCY
IDENTIFICATION DEVICE ACCORDING TO
ISO IEC 18000-6.................................................1
0H
9.
COMMANDS AND STATES............................ 23
43H
Description .................................................................. 1
Typical Applications .................................................... 1
Key words ...................................................................1
Benefits .......................................................................1
1H
2H
3H
4H
Commands ............................................................... 23
Tag States................................................................ 23
Tag state storage ..................................................... 24
4H
45H
46H
10. COLLISION ARBITRATION............................ 25
47H
TABLE OF CONTENTS .....................................2
5H
Absolute Maximum Ratings ........................................ 3
Handling Procedures .................................................. 3
Operating Conditions .................................................. 3
Block Diagram............................................................. 3
Electrical Characteristics............................................. 4
Timing Characteristics ................................................ 4
6H
7H
8H
9H
10H
1H
General explanation of the collision arbitration
mechanism ............................................................... 25
FST SYSTEMS ........................................................ 25
FST MODE OPTIONS.............................................. 26
Use of the round_size function (ISO & FST modes). 27
Ordering Information ................................................ 29
Versions ................................................................... 29
48H
49H
50H
51H
52H
53H
1.
2.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION.................................5
12H
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ...........................5
13H
General Command Format ......................................... 6
Supported Command set ............................................ 6
14H
15H
3.
BASIC COMMAND FORMATS..........................6
16H
Short commands......................................................... 6
Extended commands .................................................. 6
Implied MUTE command (Fast Supertag Mode only) . 7
Command state transitions ....................................... 11
17H
18H
19H
20H
4.
5.
GENERAL REPLY FORMAT ...........................14
21H
FORWARD LINK ENCODING - READER TO
TRANSPONDER ..............................................15
2H
Carrier modulation pulses ......................................... 15
Basic time interval – definition of “Tari” ..................... 15
Data coding............................................................... 16
Data Frame format.................................................... 16
Data decoding........................................................... 17
Bits and byte ordering ............................................... 17
Reader to Transponder 5 bit CRC (CRC-5) .............. 17
Command Decoder ................................................... 17
23H
24H
25H
26H
27H
28H
29H
30H
6.
RETURN LINK DATA ENCODING -
TRANSPORTER TO READER ........................18
31H
Return link data encoding ......................................... 18
Return link preamble................................................. 19
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) ............................. 19
32H
3H
34H
7.
MEMORY ORGANISATION AND
CONFIGURATION INFORMATION .................19
35H
Memory Map ............................................................. 19
Unambiguous User Data (UUD) & SUID................... 19
AFI ............................................................................ 20
Personality Block ...................................................... 20
36H
37H
38H
39H
8.
TRANSPONDER SELECTION OPERATION –
INIT_ROUND AND BEGIN_ROUND
COMMANDS.....................................................21
40H
INIT_ROUND COMMAND SELECTION OPERATION
.................................................................................. 21
BEGIN_ROUND COMMAND SELECTION
OPERATION ............................................................. 22
41H
42H
Copyright
©
2005, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA
2
www.emmicroelectronic.com
R
EM4223
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Supply Voltage
V
DD
– V
SS
(V)
Storage temperature (°C)
RMS supply current pad A (mA)
Symbol
V
DD
T
store
Min
-0.3
-50
Max
+3.6
+150
10
Table 1
Handling Procedures
This device has built-in protection against high static
voltages or electric fields; however, anti-static precautions
must be taken as for any other CMOS component. Unless
otherwise specified, proper operation can only occur when
all terminal voltages are kept within the voltage range.
Unused inputs must always be tied to a defined logic
voltage level.
Stresses above these listed maximum ratings may cause
permanent damages to the device. Exposure beyond
specified operating conditions may affect device reliability or
cause malfunction.
Operating Conditions
Parameter
Supply voltage
Operating Temperature
Symbol Min
V
DD
1.0
T
A
-40
Max
3.5
+85
Unit
V
°C
Table 2
Block Diagram
V
DD
Data
ROM 128b
AFI
ROM 8b
PON
Limit
Ant
LOGIC
CS
V
SS
OSC
V
SS
Data
extractor
Fig. 2
Copyright
©
2005, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA
3
www.emmicroelectronic.com
R
EM4223
Electrical Characteristics
V
DD
= 2.0V, T
A
=+25°C, unless otherwise specified
Parameter
Symbol
Operating voltage
V
DD
– V
SS
Current consumption
I
S
Power On Reset Rising
V
ponr
Power On Reset Fall
V
ponf
Electrostatic discharge
HBM to MIL-STD-
883 method 3015
Internal oscillator
Fo
sc
frequency
Input series Impedance
R
in
@900MHz
C
in
Modulation depth
decoding
Conditions
V
DD
-V
SS
= 1.5 V
Min.
V
ponf
Typ.
2.0
1.2
1.0
1.5
0.5
192
Max.
3.5
3.9
Unit
V
uA
V
V
KV
KV
KHz
Ω
pF
%
Table 3
V
DD
and V
SS
pad
A+ pad
Over full temperature range
V
DD
– V
SS
< 1V
At typical pulse width
320
19
0.620
448
27 %
100 %
Timing Characteristics
Over full voltage and temperature range, unless otherwise specified
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Forward Link
average
(Reader to Transponder)
Pulse width
T
pw
100% modulation depth
Pulse interval Data 0
T
pi0
100% modulation depth
Pulse interval Data 1
T
pi1
100% modulation depth
Return Link
(Transponder to Reader)
(note 1)
Bit rate accuracy
short term (note 2)
Bit rate accuracy
long term @1.5V
Reply
to Receive
turn-around time
Receive to
Reply
turn-around time
Tag Command window
T
cw
nominal at 25°C as selected by
factory programmed Personality Bit
During a message transmission
of nominal 40kb/s
Min.
6
12
24
Typ.
33
10
20
40
40
or
160
+/- 1
+/- 15
2
Depends on Transponders chosen
reply slot
Opens at the start of the 3
rd
bit
clock period after the end of the
last bit transmitted by the
Transponder to the reader. Closes
in the middle of the 5
th
bit clock
period.
150
Max.
14
28
56
Unit
kbps
uS
uS
uS
kbps
%
%
Bit
times
uS
Note 1: V
DD
= 2.0V, T
A
=+25°C
Note 2: V
DD
= 2.0V
Table 4
Copyright
©
2005, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA
4
www.emmicroelectronic.com
R
EM4223
1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The EM4223 is a monolithic integrated circuit transponder
for use in UHF passive backscatter RFID applications.
Operating power for the transponder circuit is derived
from the illuminating RF field of an RFID Reader by
means of an on-chip virtual battery rectifier circuit.
A user specified license plate or tag identifier is factory
programmed into the transponder by means of laser
trimming. This data is communicated to the reader by
means of backscatter modulation of the illuminating RF
carrier wave.
The EM4223 supports both the ISO18000-6 type A and
the Fast Supertag™ (FST) Protocols. The EM4223 may
be configured to wake-up in either of these modes
according to user requirements. Once active, the
transponder will automatically respond to either protocol
(and eventually switch modes) on receipt of the
appropriate commands.
All commands received from the Reader will have an
immediate effect on the Transponder. In addition, certain
commands will have a persistent effect. The possible
immediate effects are one or both of the following:
A change of State (see Fig. 19)
A Data Message sent to the Reader.
The possible persistent effects are:
Data Messages to the Reader will contain SUID (as
described later in this section) or Data Messages to
the Reader will contain USER DATA of 128 bits,
The Round Size (Number of Slots) over which all of
the Transponders in the population will spread their
Data Messages to the Reader will be configured.
The Transponder will switch between ISO and FST
modes of operation (as described below).
A sub-population of Transponders will be enabled to
send Data Messages to the Reader dependent on
either the AFI or on all or a portion of the USER
DATA of 128 bits.
5H
2. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
When a Transponder is placed in the RF energising field
of a Reader it powers up. When the power supply has
reached the correct operating voltage, the Configuration
Register is loaded with the contents of the three pre-
programmed personality flags. Depending on the state of
these wake-up flags, the Transponder will be placed in
either ISO 18000-6 Type A (ISO) or Fast Supertag (FST)
mode and in one of three states: READY, ACTIVE or
ROUND_STANDBY. After this process is complete the
Transponder is able to receive commands and to transmit
data to the Reader.
The Transponder is half-duplex and is thus in either
receive mode (default) or transmit mode. When not
actively transmitting messages to the Reader on the
Return Link, the Transponder will wait for the start of a
new command, which will be detected as a quiet period of
specific duration, followed by a valid Start Of Frame
(SOF) symbol (see Fig. 11). The Transponder requires
the quiet period in order to ensure that it does not detect
partial transmissions by a reader as a valid command.
This can occur if a transponder enters the field of a reader
and powers up part through a reader transmission. The
received SOF symbol is used to calibrate the command
decoder every time a command is received. This
calibration is used to establish a pivot to distinguish
between subsequent data ‘0’ and data ‘1’ symbols. Each
time that a new command is received by the Transponder,
the SOF re-calibrates the decode counter thereby
compensating for any variation in the Transponder clock
frequency due to changes in RF excitation levels or
temperature variations. The circuit has been designed to
accommodate a Transponder clock frequency variation of
+/-40% from nominal. When the Transponder is
transmitting the receive circuitry is disabled.
54H
The start of a command from the Reader has a special
significance if a Transponder is operating in the FST
mode and is in the ROUND_ACTIVE state. When the
falling edge of the first symbol of a command (SOF) is
received by a Transponder in the ROUND_ACTIVE state
while in FST mode, it will immediately move to the
ROUND_STANDBY state. If a command is successfully
received, the Transponder will move back to the
ROUND_ACTIVE state. If the Transponder does not
receive a valid command it will remain in the
ROUND_STANDBY state until a valid command has been
received. This enables the Reader to silence all
Transponders that have not already started sending their
Data Messages to the Reader in compliance with the FST
protocol. It is important to note that the Reader does not
have to send a full command or indeed even a part of a
command, as long as it sends a low going pulse of
approximately ½ Tari (Type A Reference Interval Time)
duration.
An important feature of this transponder is its ability to
switch seamlessly between ISO mode and FST mode
whatever its “wake up” personality setting, depending only
on the mode or characteristics of the controlling reader. A
Transponder that “wakes up” in the ISO mode on power-
up will switch to the FST mode if it receives a
Wake_Up_FST command. Similarly, a Transponder that
“wakes up” in the FST mode on power-up will switch to
the ISO mode if it receives an INIT-ROUND, INIT-
ROUND-ALL or BEGIN-ROUND command.
Copyright
©
2005, EM Microelectronic-Marin SA
5
www.emmicroelectronic.com
DSP and ARM Processors
京公网安备 11010802033920号
EEWORLD
