Atmel ATmega32HVE2/ATmega64HVE2
8-bit AVR Microcontroller with Precise Analog Frontend
for very Accurate Voltage and Current Measurement
DATASHEET
Features
●
Single-package fully-integrated
●
High precision analog frontend
●
17bit single-ended voltage-ADC
●
7 selectable input channels
●
Offset voltage less than ±1LSB
●
18 bit differential current-ADC with
●
Programmable gain amplifier
●
Comparator Mode
●
Offset voltage less than ±5µV
●
Temperature measurement with external and internal sensors
●
Integrated voltage divider with internal reverse polarity protection for direct
sensing of the battery voltage
●
Interface
●
LIN physical layer according to LIN 2.0, 2.1 and SAEJ2602-2
●
Fulfils the OEM “Hardware Requirements for LIN in Automotive Applications
Rev. 1.1”
●
LIN hardware UART
●
Advanced ESD and EMC performance
●
High-speed Mode up to 115kBaud
●
Microcontroller
●
High performance, low power AVR 8-bit microcontroller
●
32bit math. extension module (+, –, x, /)
●
Memory
●
32K/64K in-system self-programmable flash memory
●
1K EEPROM / 4K SRAM
●
Power
●
Supply voltage –27V to +40V
●
Extreme low power consumption
●
Others
●
Package: QFN48, 7x7mm
2
●
Temperature range: –40°C to +125°C
8096C–AVR–01/13
1.
Description
With the ATmega32HVE2/ATmega64HVE2 Atmel
®
provides an 8-bit AVR
®
microcontroller with very precise analog frontend for
voltage and current measurement and 32bit computing power. The circuit is a complete single-package system solution for
applications like, e.g., 12V lead acid or Li-ion battery monitoring or particle filtering in automotive applications.
The device includes 2 dies, the first die (AVR MCU) with the very precise analog frontend consisting of
●
a 17bit and a 18bit sigma delta ADC
●
●
programmable gain amplifier with various chopper modes and extreme low offset
8-bit microcontroller with 32bit math-extensions module and 32/64Kbytes flash memory
and a LIN
(1)
system basis chip (LIN SBC) including
●
LIN transceiver according to the LIN2.0, 2.1 and SAEJ2602-2 standards
●
●
●
Note:
3.3V low drop voltage regulator
window watchdog
integrated voltage divider with reverse polarity protection for very precise sensing of the battery voltage
1.
LIN: Local Interconnect Network
The device includes the same LIN SBC die as used in the Atmel ATA6628 LIN system basis chip from Atmel.
Figure 1-1. Atmel ATmega32HVE2/ATmega64HVE2 Block Diagram
LIN SBC
MUX
17-bit
Σ Δ ADC
Timer/Counter
Voltage
Regulator
Oscillators
Watchdog
Temperature
Reference
32 bit
math.
extension
LIN
Transceiver
LIN Bus
AVR MCU
12V
Automotive
Powernet
+
-
Shunt
PGA
18-bit
Σ Δ ADC
Low-power
AVR CPU
Supervision
and
Diagnostics
Atmel ATA9999 [Datasheet]
8096C–AVR–01/13
2
2.
Pin Configurations
Figure 2-1. Pinout QFN-48
VREFGND
RESET
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
VREF
GND
GND
41
40
39
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
38
AVCC
ADC0/PCINT0) PA0
ADC1/PCINT1) PA1
(PROGEN3/SII/EXINT0/ICP1/MISO/PCINT9) PB7
(PROGEN2/SDI/MOSI/PCINT8) PB6
(PROGEN1/SDO/SCK/PCINT7) PB5
(PROGEN0/SIO/SS/PCINT6) PB4
(T1/TXD/PCINT5) PB3
(SCI/CKOUT/PCINT4) PB2
(RXD/PCINT3) PB1
(T0/FH/PCINT2) PB0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
VCC
NV2
PV2
NI
PI
WD_OSC
NRES
TXD
SP_MODE
PV1
DIV_ON
RXD
LIN
PVREG
VCC
VREG
VBAT
NTRIG
GND
MODE
TM
VS
NV1
EN
2.1
2.1.1
Pin Descriptions
VCC
Digital supply voltage.
2.1.2
AVCC
Analog supply voltage.
2.1.3
VREF
Internal Voltage Reference for external decoupling. For details, see
Section 27. “Band Gap Reference and Temperature
Sensor” on page 161.
2.1.4
VREFGND
Ground for decoupling of Internal Voltage Reference. Do not connect to GND on PCB.
2.1.5
GND
Ground
Atmel ATA9999 [Datasheet]
8096C–AVR–01/13
GND
3
2.1.6
Port A (PA1..PA0)
Port A serves as a 2-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). As inputs, Port A pins that are
externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port A pins are tri-stated when a reset
condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.
Port A is connected to the input MUX of the Voltage ADC. To avoid any disturbance from Port A pins when doing high accuracy
VADC measurements, is not recommended to connect noisy digital signals to these pins.
Port A also serves the functions of various special features of the Atmel
®
ATmega32HVE2/ATmega64HVE2 as listed in
Section
21.3.1 “Alternate Functions of Port A” on page 85.
2.1.7
Port B (PB7..0)
Port B is a 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). As inputs, Port B pins that are
externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset
condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.
Port B also serves the functions of various special features of the Atmel
ATmega32HVE2/ATmega64HVE2 as listed in
Section 21.3.2 “Alternate Functions of Port B” on page 86.
2.1.8
PV2/NV2
Filtered positive/negative input from resistor divider connected to VS. Used by the Voltage ADC to measure the battery pack
voltage. For details, see
Section 26. “ADC - Analog to Digital Converter” on page 138.
2.1.9
PI/NI
Filtered positive/negative input from external current sense resistor. Used by the Current ADC to measure charge/discharge
currents flowing in the battery pack. For details, see
Section 26. “ADC - Analog to Digital Converter” on page 138.
2.1.10 RESET/dw
Reset input. A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a reset, even if the clock is not
running. The minimum pulse length is given in
Section 31.5 “External Interrupt Characteristics” on page 198.
Shorter pulses are
not guaranteed to generate a reset. This pin is also used as debugWIRE communication pin.
2.1.11 VS
VS represents the power supply to the chip.The LIN operating voltage is VS = 5V to 27V. An undervoltage detection is
implemented to disable data transmission if VS falls below VS
th
in order to avoid false bus messages. After switching on VS, the
IC starts in Fail-safe Mode, and the voltage regulator is switched on (i.e., 3.3V/50mA output capability).
The supply current is typically 10µA in Sleep Mode and 40µA in Silent Mode.
2.1.12 VREG
The internal 3.3V voltage regulator is capable of driving loads up to 50mA. It is able to supply the microcontroller and other ICs
on the PCB and is protected against overloads by means of current limitation and overtemperature shut-down. Furthermore, the
output voltage is monitored and will cause a reset signal at the NRES output pin if it drops below a defined threshold Vthun. To
boost up the maximum load current, an external NPN transistor may be used, with its base connected to the VREG pin and its
emitter connected to PVREG.
2.1.13 PVREG
The PVREG is the sense input pin of the 3.3V voltage regulator. For normal applications (i.e. when only using the internal output
transistor), this pin must be connected to the VREG pin. If an external boosting transistor is used, the PVREG pin must be
connected to the output of this transistor, i.e, its emitter terminal.
Atmel ATA9999 [Datasheet]
8096C–AVR–01/13
4
2.1.14 LIN
A low-side driver with internal current limitation and thermal shutdown and an internal pull-up resistor compliant with the LIN 2.x
specification is implemented. The allowed voltage range is between –27V and +40V. Reverse currents from the LIN bus to VS
are suppressed, even in the event of GND shifts or battery disconnection. LIN receiver thresholds are compatible with the LIN
protocol specification. The fall time from recessive to dominant bus state and the rise time from dominant to recessive bus state
are slope controlled.
2.1.15 TXD
In Normal Mode the TXD pin is the microcontroller interface used to control the state of the LIN output. TXD must be pulled to
ground in order to have a low LIN-bus. If TXD is high or not connected (internal pull-up resistor), the LIN output transistor is
turned off, and the bus is in recessive state. During Fail-safe Mode, this pin is used as output and is signalling the fail-safe
source. It is current-limited to I
TXDwake
(Section
10. “Electrical Characteristics LIN SBC” on page 25ff).
2.1.16 RXD
This output pin reports the state of the LIN-bus to the microcontroller. LIN high (recessive state) is reported by a high level at
RXD; LIN low (dominant state) is reported by a low level at RXD. The output has an internal pull-up resistor with typically 5kΩ to
PVREG. The AC characteristics can be defined with an external load capacitor of 20pF. The output is short-circuit protected.
RXD is switched off in Unpowered Mode (i.e., VS = 0V). During Fail-safe Mode it is signalling the fail-safe source.
2.1.17 EN
The Enable Input pin controls the operation mode of the device. If EN is high, the circuit is in Normal Mode, with transmission
paths from TXD to LIN and from LIN to RXD both active. The VREG voltage regulator operates with 3.3V/5V/50mA output
capability.
If EN is switched to low while TXD is still high, the device is forced to Silent Mode. No data transmission is then possible, and
the current consumption is reduced to I
VS
typ. 40µA. The VREG regulator has its full functionality.
If EN is switched to low while TXD is low, the device is forced to Sleep Mode. No data transmission is possible, and the voltage
regulator is switched off.
2.1.18 MODE
With the pin MODE you can enable / disable the watchdog of the LIN SBC. Connect the MODE pin directly or via an external
resistor to GND for normal watchdog operation. To debug the software of the connected microcontroller, connect MODE pin to
PVREG and the watchdog is switched off.
Note:
If you do not use the watchdog from the LIN SBC, connect pin MODE directly to PVREG.
2.1.19 TM
The TM pin is used for final production measurements at Atmel
®
. In normal application, it has to be always connected to GND.
2.1.20 NRES
The Reset Output pin, an open drain output, switches to low during VREG undervoltage or a watchdog failure generated by the
LIN SBC.
2.1.21 WD_OSC
The WD_OSC Output pin provides a typical voltage of 1.2V, which supplies an external resistor with values between 34kΩ and
120kΩ to adjust the watchdog oscillator time. If the watchdog is disabled, this voltage is switched off and you can either tie to
GND or leave this pin open. In the ATmega64HVE2 Operating circuit this pin is left open.
2.1.22 NTRIG
The NTRIG Input pin is the trigger input for the window watchdog of the LIN SBC. A pull-up resistor is implemented. A negative
edge triggers the watchdog. The trigger signal (low) must exceed a minimum time t
trigmin
to generate a watchdog trigger (see
also
Section 9. “Watchdog” on page 23).
Atmel ATA9999 [Datasheet]
8096C–AVR–01/13
5
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