87AD SERIES
µ
PD78C18
8-BIT SINGLE-CHIP MICROCONTROLLER
©
1991
Document No.
U10199EJ5V0UM00 (5th edition)
(Previous No.
IEU-1314)
Date Published August 1995 P
Printed in Japan
NOTES FOR CMOS DEVICES
1
PRECAUTION AGAINST ESD FOR SEMICONDUCTORS
Note:
Strong electric field, when exposed to a MOS device, can cause destruction of the gate oxide
and ultimately degrade the device operation. Steps must be taken to stop generation of static
electricity as much as possible, and quickly dissipate it once, when it has occurred. Environ-
mental control must be adequate. When it is dry, humidifier should be used. It is recommended
to avoid using insulators that easily build static electricity. Semiconductor devices must be
stored and transported in an anti-static container, static shielding bag or conductive material.
All test and measurement tools including work bench and floor should be grounded. The
operator should be grounded using wrist strap. Semiconductor devices must not be touched
with bare hands. Similar precautions need to be taken for PW boards with semiconductor
devices on it.
2
HANDLING OF UNUSED INPUT PINS FOR CMOS
Note:
No connection for CMOS device inputs can be cause of malfunction. If no connection is
provided to the input pins, it is possible that an internal input level may be generated due to
noise, etc., hence causing malfunction. CMOS devices behave differently than Bipolar or NMOS
devices. Input levels of CMOS devices must be fixed high or low by using a pull-up or pull-down
circuitry. Each unused pin should be connected to V
DD
or GND with a resistor, if it is considered
to have a possibility of being an output pin. All handling related to the unused pins must be
judged device by device and related specifications governing the devices.
3
STATUS BEFORE INITIALIZATION OF MOS DEVICES
Note:
Power-on does not necessarily define initial status of MOS device. Production process of MOS
does not define the initial operation status of the device. Immediately after the power source
is turned ON, the devices with reset function have not yet been initialized. Hence, power-on
does not guarantee out-pin levels, I/O settings or contents of registers. Device is not initialized
until the reset signal is received. Reset operation must be executed immediately after power-
on for devices having reset function.
QTOP is a trademark of NEC Corporation.
MS-DOS is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
PC/AT and PC DOS are trademarks of IBM Corporation.
The export of these products from Japan is regulated by the Japanese government. The export of some or all of
these products may be prohibited without governmental license. To export or re-export some or all of these
products from a country other than Japan may also be prohibited without a license from that country. Please call
an NEC sales representative.
The customer must judge
the need for license
:
µ
PD78C11, 78C11A, 78C12A, 78C14, 78C14A, 78CP14CW, 78CP14G-36,
78CP14GF-3BE, 78CP14L, 78C18, 78CP18CW, 78CP18GF-3BE, 78CP18GQ-36,
78C11(A), 78C11A(A), 78C12A(A), 78C14(A), 78CP14(A), 78C18(A), 78CP18(A)
License not needed
:
µ
PD78C10, 78C10A, 78CG14, 78CP14DW, 78CP14KB, 78CP14R, 78C17, 78CP18DW,
78CP18KB, 78C10(A), 78C10A(A), 78C17(A)
The information in this document is subject to change without notice.
No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written
consent of NEC Corporation. NEC Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in
this document.
NEC Corporation does not assume any liability for infringement of patents, copyrights or other intellectual
property rights of third parties by or arising from use of a device described herein or any other liability arising
from use of such device. No license, either express, implied or otherwise, is granted under any patents,
copyrights or other intellectual property rights of NEC Corporation or others.
While NEC Corporation has been making continuous effort to enhance the reliability of its semiconductor devices,
the possibility of defects cannot be eliminated entirely. To minimize risks of damage or injury to persons or
property arising from a defect in an NEC semiconductor device, customer must incorporate sufficient safety
measures in its design, such as redundancy, fire-containment, and anti-failure features.
NEC devices are classified into the following three quality grades:
“Standard“, “Special“, and “Specific“. The Specific quality grade applies only to devices developed based on
a customer designated “quality assurance program“ for a specific application. The recommended applications
of a device depend on its quality grade, as indicated below. Customers must check the quality grade of each
device before using it in a particular application.
Standard: Computers, office equipment, communications equipment, test and measurement equipment,
audio and visual equipment, home electronic appliances, machine tools, personal electronic
equipment and industrial robots
Special: Transportation equipment (automobiles, trains, ships, etc.), traffic control systems, anti-disaster
systems, anti-crime systems, safety equipment and medical equipment (not specifically designed
for life support)
Specific: Aircrafts, aerospace equipment, submersible repeaters, nuclear reactor control systems, life
support systems or medical equipment for life support, etc.
The quality grade of NEC devices in “Standard“ unless otherwise specified in NEC's Data Sheets or Data Books.
If customers intend to use NEC devices for applications other than those specified for Standard quality grade,
they should contact NEC Sales Representative in advance.
Anti-radioactive design is not implemented in this product.
M7 94.11
INTRODUCTION
Intended Readership:
This manual is intended for engineers who require an understanding of 87AD series
products functions prior to designing an application system or an application program.
The relevant products are the following 87AD series CMOS version products.
•
µ
PD78C10A, 78C11A, 78C10A(A), 78C11A(A)
•
µ
PD78C12A, 78C12A(A)
•
µ
PD78C14, 78C14A, 78CG14, 78CP14, 78C14(A), 78CP14(A)
•
µ
PD78C17, 78C18, 78CP18, 78C17(A), 78C18(A), 78CP18(A)
Remark
µ
PD78C10, 78C11, 78C10(A), 78C11(A) have been maintenance products
since October 1991.
Purpose:
The purposes of this manual is that users understand the hardware functions of 87AD
series products shown in the organization below.
Organization:
This manual is mainly composed of the following contents.
• General description
• Pin functions
• Internal block functions
• Interrupt control functions
• External device accesses and timing
• PROM accesses
• Instruction set
• Operating precautions
Using This Information:
Use of this information requires general knowledge of electricity, logic circuits and
microcontrollers.
This manual describes the
µ
PD78C18 as a representative product as long as there are
no differences in the functions. Using this manual as the other 87AD series (CMOS)
products manual, refer to the manual by changing "
µ
PD78C18" to each product name.
For the
µ
PD78CG14, refer to
APPENDIX A INTRODUCTION TO PIGGYBACK PRODUCT.
For the "Special" quality grade product, refer to the manual by changing it to the
"Standard" quality grade product.
x
For general understanding of the 87AD series (CMOS) product functions:
¬
Read in order of contents.
x
For searching for an instruction function by mnemonics:
¬
Use
APPENDIX C INDEX OF INSTRUCTIONS (ALPHABETICAL ORDER).
x
For searching for mnemonics by the outline of functions:
¬
Search
14.6 Instruction Descriptions
for the functions.
Usage examples in this manual is produced for the "Standard" quality
grade. Using this manual for the "Special" quality grade applications, make
use of parts and circuits actually used after checking the quality grade.
Operating Precaution
Be sure to read CHAPTER 15 OPERATING PRECAUTIONS in which operating
precautions of the 87AD series (CMOS) products are compiled. For the
latest information of this products, contact our salesman or special agent.
Legend:
Data notation weight
Notation of active low
Address on the memory map
Note
Caution
Remark
Numeric notation
: Upper digits to the left, lower digits to the right
:
×××
(A line over pin or signal names)
: Lower address to the upper part, higher address to
the lower part
: Explanation of Note in text
: Content to be read carefully
: Complementary explanation of text
: Binary ..............
××××B
or
××××
Decimal ...........
××××
Hexadecimal ...
××××H
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