3541 RESISTANCE HiTESTER
Components measuring instruments
0.1 µΩ (20 mΩ range) to 110.000 MΩ
Measure from very low (µΩ) to very high (MΩ)
resistances with a single instrument
Along with capabilities for fast, precise measurements over a broad resistance
range, Model 3541 also provides functions for temperature correction, comparator
and data I/O. Employing a four-terminal measurement method, this instrument is
particularly suitable for measuring the resistance of motor and transformer
windings, relay/switch and connector contacts, PCB patterns, chip inductor DC
resistance and in shipping inspection tests.
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other information are available on our website.
1
Speed & Precision at Their Highest
From the Laboratory to System Applications
(All indicators shown lit for purposes of illustration)
Major Features
q
Wide Measurement Range
0.1 µΩ (20 mΩ range) to 110.000 MΩ
q
Measurement Fault Detection
Enhanced measurement reliability by monitoring contact
using all four leads
q
High Speed & High Precision Measurements
As fast as 0.6 ms with 70 ppm precision (in the 2 kΩ to
110 kΩ range)
q
Temperature Conversion Function
Uses resistance to shows temperature variations of
measurement objects
q
Low-Power Measurement Function
Essential for DCR measurements of chip inductors and
connector contacts
q
Offset Voltage Compensation
Minimizes thermoelectromotive effects
q
Comparator and BIN Functions
Fast PASS/FAIL judgments, and measurement value
ranking in ten levels
q
Equipped with EXT I/O, GP-IB and
RS-232C interfaces
Easily integrates into automated production lines
q
Two Types of Temperature Correction
Correction by Pt sensor or infrared thermometer
q
Statistical Calculation Functions
Use for process analysis and quality control
q
Multipolar Connector
Low thermoelectromotive force supports high-speed
measurements
q
Stores up to 30 sets of measurement
conditions
Measurement conditions can be changed quickly
q
Data Printing
Print out measurement values and calculation results
(with optional Model 9670 Printer)
2
s
Comparator
Compares measurements with preset upper and lower limits, and displays
and outputs the judged range of each measurement. Two setting methods
are available: absolute value (upper/lower limit setting) and relative
value (% of a reference value), and judgment results, indicated by Hi, IN
or Lo LEDs and beeper, are also output via EXT I/O, RS-232C and GP-
IB interfaces.
x
Judgments
Hi:
Display Value > Upper Limit, or OF
IN:
Display Value between Upper and Lower Limits
Lo:
Display Value is < Lower Limit, or -OF
x
Relative Value Judgment
Display:
{(Measured Resistance) – (Reference Value)} / (Reference Value)
-99.999% to 99.999%
x
Beeper
OFF:
Beeper does not sound
IN:
Beeper sounds when the judgment result in IN
Hi/Lo:
Beeper sounds when the judgment result is high or low
Upper Limit
Setting
Lower Limit
Setting
q
Setup by Upper (Hi) and Lower (Lo) Limits
Upper and Lower limit range: 0 to 999,999
Reference
Value Setting
% Setting
q
Setup by Reference Value (REF) and Range (%)
Setting range: Reference Value = 0 to 999,999
% = 00.000 to 99.999%
BIN No. (0 to 9)
Enabled / Disabled
s
Classify measurements in up to ten ranking BINs
According to a preset range, measurements can be classified in up to ten
ranks (BIN0 through BIN9). Settings are the same as for the comparator,
using either absolute or relative values with results displayed and output
to EXT I/O, RS-232C and GP-IB interfaces.
q
Setting ranges are the same as for the
comparator function.
]
Absolute Value
or Deviation
Settings
s
Store up to 30 sets of measurement conditions
Including settings for comparator and BIN measurements, up to 30 sets
of measurement conditions can be stored and recalled by just selecting a
setting number, so setting conditions can be changed quickly. Settings
can also be accessed by remote control.
Excellent Stability
Actual measurement results showing minimum dispersion
(OVC = Offset Voltage Compensation)
[ 20 mΩ Range/SLOW2 ]
[ 20 mΩ Range/MEDIUM ]
Displayed Value (Ω)
Displayed Value (Ω)
Measurement Repetition (No. of Times)
Measurement Repetition (No. of Times)
[ 200
Ω
Range/FAST & MEDIUM ]
[ Low-Power Ohms: 2 W Range/FAST & MEDIUM ]
Displayed Value (Ω)
OVC OFF
Measurement Repetition (No. of Times)
Displayed Value (Ω)
Measurement Repetition (No. of Times)
OFF
3
Two types of temperature correction
s
Temperature correction functions regardless
of materials and temperature
Using the 9451 Temperature Probe, resistance values
measured at ambient temperature can be corrected by
applying a thermal coefficient so that the display shows the
corresponding resistance values at any other temperature.
s
Temperature Correction by Analog Output
(Infrared Thermometer)
Make temperature corrections by measuring the surface temperature of
the measurement object using the analog output from an infrared
thermometer, or through the RS-232C interface. Even when the
measured object is not at ambient temperature, temperature correction
can be applied. Actual temperature can be measured as well.
(When connecting the thermometer to the RS-232C
interface, the GP-IB function is not available.)
HIOKI 3444/3445
TEMPERATURE HiTESTER
Modular cable
s
Settings
For example, the resistance of a copper wire that measures 100Ω at
30ºC ambient can be corrected for display as the resistance it would
have at 23ºC by applying the thermal coefficient (3930 ppm for
copper when the conductivity ratio is 1), using the following settings.
Reference Temperature
Thermal Coefficient
Reference Temperature
Setting Range: –10 to 99.9ºC
Thermal Coefficient: –9999 to 9999 ppm
For proper correction, the measurement
object must be at ambient temperature.
Model 9451 Temperature Probe
(supplied accessory)
AC adapter
Analog output
Cable: 9305
Expansion box
3909 INTERFACE PACK
(Expansion box & Modular cable)
RS-232C
Cable: 9637
s
Convenient Temperature Conversion Function for Motor Coil Verification
Initial Resistance
Temperature increase (∆t) is obtained and displayed by converting resistance
measurements and ambient temperature. This function is especially useful for
verifying motor windings or coils, where the maximum temperature increase
needs to be determined when current is applied.
*The temperature conversion function cannot be used simultaneously with the temperature
correction function.
➀
When a motor or coil has thermally stabilized at room temperature, measure the
resistance (r
0
) and ambient temperature (t
0
) before applying current.
➁
Excite the coil, and when the temperature increase appears to saturate, remove the
excitation.
➂
After removing excitation, determine the temperature (∆t
1
to
∆t
n
) from the
resistance (rt) measured at each specific time (t), and the ambient temperature.
➃
Project the curve through the collected temperature data (∆t
1
to
∆t
n
) to estimate
the maximum temperature increase (∆t).
∆t
Initial Temperature
Constant
Temperature
[ Temperature Conversion Setting Mode ]
➃
Initial
Temperature
∆t1
∆t2
∆tn
➀
➁
ON Excited OFF
1
2
3
➂
n
Time
For measurements unaffected by test leads or contact resistance -
Four-Terminal Resistance Measurements
Constant current source
Is
Voltmeter
r2
r3
r4
With two-terminal measurements, the conductor
resistance of the test leads and the contact resistance
of the connections are included in the measured
resistance, resulting in measurement errors.
The four-terminal measurement method employs a
very high input impedance voltmeter, whereby almost
all measurement current is conducted through
measured resistance R. By measuring the voltage drop
across only R, its resistance is measured without being
significantly affected by r1 to r4.
r1
E
Resistances R
(Values r1 through r4 are the combined resistances of the
test leads and contact resistances.)
R=
E
Is
4
Multi-functional
support for various
applications
s
Measurement Fault Detection
Integrity of source and sensor leads and the constant-current
supply are continually monitored to ensure measurements with
high confidence. When a measurement fault is detected it is
indicated on the instrument, and ERR is output from the EXT
I/O interface.
s
Multipolar Connector
A sealed shielded, low-thermoelectromotive-
force multipolar connector (INPUT B) is
provided. The excellent noise immunity of
this input makes it ideal for high-speed
measurements of large resistances, as well as
low power measurements.
s
Offset Voltage Compensation
Thermoelectromotive force occurs at the contact point of
different metals. This force affects measurements, and if large
enough, it can result in measurement errors. The offset voltage
compensation function minimizes the effect of thermoelectromotive
force to preserve measurement accuracy.
s
Low Power Measurement
Measures with 10 µΩ resolution (2Ω range) using just 10 mA
measurement current. This is ideal for measuring chip inductor
DCR and connector contact resistance.
(Low power measurement is available in the 2Ω to 2kΩ ranges)
s
Self-Calibration
Consistent accuracy is maintained by automatic correction of
internal circuit offset voltage and gain drift. Self-calibration is
applied at every measurement using SLOW1/SLOW2
sampling, and every 30 minutes with FAST/MEDIUM
sampling. Self-calibration is also performed at power on, and
when measurement conditions are changed.
(Self calibration is enabled when AUTO is selected)
s
Average
Measurement values can be averaged to minimize display
instability. With Free Run selected, the display shows the
moving average; otherwise, the display shows the average
value over a period. The number of samples to average can be
set from 2 to 100.
s
Statistical Calculation Functions
To observe process conditions, the mean (x), maximum (Max), minimum (Min)
overall standard deviation (s), standard deviation of sample (s) and process
productivity index (Cp: dispersion, CpK: bias) can be calculated using up to the
maximum of 30,000 measurement values.
s
Data Printing
Measurement values, and those including judgment results and
statistical calculation results can be printed using the optional
Model 9670 Printer.
[ Print Example ]
q
Interval Printing
Print out the elapsed time
and measurement results
in 1- to 3600-second intervals.
[Measurement Values]
Print method
Print width
Print speed
Power
Dimensions
Mass
: Thermal line dot
: 72 mm
: 47.5 mm/s
: 9671 AC Adapter or 9672 Battery Pack
: Approx. 119
×
77
×
174 mm
: Approx. 500 g
[Statistical Calculation Results] BIN-ON
[Statistical Calculation Results] COMP-ON
Printer operation requires Models 9638 RS-232C Cable and 9671 AC Adapter, and
battery operation requires Models 9672 Battery Pack and 9673 Battery Charger.
[Measurement Values including Judgment Results] COMP-ON
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