DS1251/DS1251P
4096k NV SRAM with Phantom Clock
www.maxim-ic.com
FEATURES
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Real-time clock keeps track of hundredths of
seconds, minutes, hours, days, date of the
month, months, and years
512k x 8 NV SRAM directly replaces
volatile static RAM or EEPROM
Embedded lithium energy cell maintains
calendar operation and retains RAM data
Watch function is transparent to RAM
operation
Month and year determine the number of
days in each month; valid up to 2100
Over 10 years of data retention in the
absence of power
Full 10% operating range
Lithium energy source is electrically
disconnected to retain freshness until power
is applied for the first time
DIP Module only
– Standard 32–pin JEDEC pinout
– Upward comparable with the DS1248
PowerCap
®
Module Board only
– Surface mountable package for direct
connection to PowerCap containing
battery and crystal
– Replaceable battery (PowerCap)
– Pin for pin compatible with other densities
of DS124XP Phantom Clocks
PIN ASSIGNMENT
A18/RST
A16
A14
A12
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
DQ0
DQ1
DQ2
GND
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
V
CC
A15
A17
WE
A13
A8
A9
A11
OE
A10
CE
DQ7
DQ6
DQ5
DQ4
DQ3
32-Pin Encapsulated Package
740-mil Flush
RST
A15
A16
NC
V
CC
WE
OE
CE
DQ7
DQ6
DQ5
DQ4
DQ3
DQ2
DQ1
DQ0
GND
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
A18
A17
A14
A13
A12
A11
A10
A9
A8
A7
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
X1
GND V
BAT
X2
34-Pin PowerCap Module Board
(Uses DS9034PCX PowerCap)
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072401
DS1251/DS1251P
ORDERING INFORMATION
DS1251YP–XXXY (5V)
-IND Industrial
-70
70 ns access
-100 100 ns access
blank 32-pin DIP Module
P
34-pin PowerCap Module board*
DS1251WP-XXXY (3.3V)
-IND Industrial
-120 120 ns access
-150 150 ns access
blank 32-pin DIP Module
P
34-pin PowerCap Module board*
*DS9034PCX (PowerCap) Required:
(must be ordered separately)
PIN DESCRIPTION
A
0
–A
18
CE
OE
WE
V
CC
GND
DQ
0
–DQ
7
NC
X1,X2
V
BAT
RST
– Address Inputs
– Chip Enable
– Output Enable
– Write Enable
– Power Supply Input
– Ground
– Data In/Data Out
– No Connection
– Crystal Connection
– Battery Connection
– Reset
DESCRIPTION
The DS1251 4096k NV SRAM with Phantom Clock is a fully static nonvolatile RAM (organized as 512k
words by 8 bits) with a built–in real-time clock. The DS1251Y has a self–contained lithium energy
source and control circuitry which constantly monitors V
CC
for an out–of–tolerance condition. When
such a condition occurs, the lithium energy source is automatically switched on and write protection is
unconditionally enabled to prevent garbled data in both the memory and real-time clock.
The Phantom Clock provides timekeeping information including hundredths of seconds, seconds,
minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information. The date at the end of the month is automatically
adjusted for months with less than 31 days, including correction for leap years. The Phantom Clock
operates in either 24–hour or 12–hour format with an AM/PM indicator.
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DS1251/DS1251P
RAM READ MODE
The DS1251 executes a read cycle whenever
WE
(Write Enable) is inactive (high) and
CE
(Chip Enable)
is active (low). The unique address specified by the 19 address inputs (A0–A18) defines which of the
512k bytes of data is to be accessed. Valid data will be available to the eight data output drivers within
t
ACC
(Access Time) after the last address input signal is stable, providing that
CE
and
OE
(Output Enable)
access times and states are also satisfied. If
OE
and
CE
access times are not satisfied, then data access
must be measured from the later occurring signal (
CE
or
OE
) and the limiting parameter is either t
CO
for
CE
or t
OE
for
OE
rather than address access.
PACKAGES
The DS1251 is available in two packages (32–pin DIP and 34–Pin PowerCap module). The 32–pin DIP
style module integrates the crystal, lithium energy source, and silicon all in one package. The 34–pin
PowerCap Module Board is designed with contacts for connection to a separate PowerCap (DS9034PCX)
that contains the crystal and battery. This design allows the PowerCap to be mounted on top of the
DS1251P after the completion of the surface mount process. Mounting the PowerCap after the surface
mount process prevents damage to the crystal and battery due to the high temperatures required for solder
reflow. The PowerCap is keyed to prevent reverse insertion. The PowerCap Module Board and
PowerCap are ordered separately and shipped in separate containers. The part number for the Powercap
is DS9034PCX.
RAM READ MODE
The DS1251 executes a read cycle whenever
WE
(Write Enable) is inactive (high) and
CE
(Chip Enable)
is active (low). The unique address specified by the 19 address inputs (A0–A18) defines which of the
512k bytes of data is to be accessed. Valid data will be available to the eight data output drivers within
t
ACC
(Access Time) after the last address input signal is stable, providing that
CE
and
OE
(Output Enable)
access times and states are also satisfied. If
OE
and
CE
access times are not satisfied, then data access
must be measured from the later occurring signal (
CE
or
OE
) and the limiting parameter is either t
CO
for
CE
or t
OE
for
OE
rather than address access.
RAM WRITE MODE
The DS1251 is in the write mode whenever the
WE
and
CE
signals are in the active (low) state after
address inputs are stable. The latter occurring falling edge of
CE
or
WE
will determine the start of the
write cycle. The write cycle is terminated by the earlier rising edge of
CE
or
WE
. All address inputs
must be kept valid throughout the write cycle.
WE
must return to the high state for a minimum recovery
time (t
WR
) before another cycle can be initiated. The
OE
control signal should be kept inactive (high)
during write cycles to avoid bus contention. However, if the output bus has been enabled (
CE
and
OE
active) then WE will disable the outputs in t
ODW
from its falling edge.
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DS1251/DS1251P
DATA RETENTION MODE
The 5 volt device is fully accessible and data can be written or read only when V
CC
is greater than V
PF
.
However, when V
CC
is below the power fail point, V
PF
, (point at which write protection occurs) the
internal clock registers and SRAM are blocked from any access. When V
CC
falls below the battery switch
point V
SO
(battery supply level), device power is switched from the V
CC
pin to the backup battery. RTC
operation and SRAM data are maintained from the battery until V
CC
is returned to nominal levels. The
3.3-volt device is fully accessible and data can be written or read only when V
CC
is greater than V
PF
.
When V
CC
falls below the power fail point, V
PF
, access to the device is inhibited. If V
PF
is less than V
BAT
,
the device power is switched from V
CC
to the backup supply (V
BAT
) when V
CC
drops below V
PF
. If V
PF
is
greater than V
BAT
, the device power is switched from V
CC
to the backup supply (V
BAT
) when V
CC
drops
below V
BAT
. RTC operation and SRAM data are maintained from the battery until V
CC
is returned to
nominal levels. All control, data, and address signals must be powered down when V
CC
is powered down.
PHANTOM CLOCK OPERATION
Communication with the Phantom Clock is established by pattern recognition on a serial bit stream of
64 bits which must be matched by executing 64 consecutive write cycles containing the proper data on
DQ0. All accesses which occur prior to recognition of the 64–bit pattern are directed to memory.
After recognition is established, the next 64 read or write cycles either extract or update data in the
Phantom Clock, and memory access is inhibited.
Data transfer to and from the timekeeping function is accomplished with a serial bit stream under control
of Chip Enable (
CE
), Output Enable (
OE
), and Write Enable (
WE
). Initially, a read cycle to any
memory location using the
CE
and
OE
control of the Phantom Clock starts the pattern recognition
sequence by moving a pointer to the first bit of the 64–bit comparison register. Next, 64 consecutive
write cycles are executed using the
CE
and
WE
control of the SmartWatch. These 64 write cycles are
used only to gain access to the Phantom Clock. Therefore, any address to the memory in the socket is
acceptable. However, the write cycles generated to gain access to the Phantom Clock are also writing
data to a location in the mated RAM. The preferred way to manage this requirement is to set aside just
one address location in RAM as a Phantom Clock scratch pad. When the first write cycle is executed, it
is compared to bit 0 of the 64–bit comparison register. If a match is found, the pointer increments to the
next location of the comparison register and awaits the next write cycle. If a match is not found, the
pointer does not advance and all subsequent write cycles are ignored. If a read cycle occurs at any time
during pattern recognition, the present sequence is aborted and the comparison register pointer is reset.
Pattern recognition continues for a total of 64 write cycles as described above until all the bits in the
comparison register have been matched (this bit pattern is shown in Figure 1). With a correct match for
64–bits, the Phantom Clock is enabled and data transfer to or from the timekeeping registers can proceed.
The next 64 cycles will cause the Phantom Clock to either receive or transmit data on DQ0, depending on
the level of the
OE
pin or the
WE
pin. Cycles to other locations outside the memory block can be
interleaved with
CE
cycles without interrupting the pattern recognition sequence or data transfer
sequence to the Phantom Clock.
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DS1251/DS1251P
PHANTOM CLOCK REGISTER INFORMATION
The Phantom Clock information is contained in eight registers of 8 bits, each of which is sequentially
accessed 1 bit at a time after the 64–bit pattern recognition sequence has been completed. When updating
the Phantom Clock registers, each register must be handled in groups of 8 bits. Writing and reading
individual bits within a register could produce erroneous results. These read/write registers are defined in
Figure 2.
Data contained in the Phantom Clock register is in binary coded decimal format (BCD). Reading and
writing the registers is always accomplished by stepping through all eight registers, starting with bit 0 of
register 0 and ending with bit 7 of register 7.
PHANTOM CLOCK REGISTER DEFINITION
Figure 1
NOTE:
The pattern recognition in Hex is C5, 3A, A3, 5C, C5, 3A, A3, 5C. The odds of this pattern being
accidentally duplicated and causing inadvertent entry to the Phantom Clock is less than 1 in 10
19
. This
pattern is sent to the Phantom Clock LSB to MSB.
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