DS1238
DS1238
MicroManager
FEATURES
PIN ASSIGNMENT
VBAT
VCCO
VCC
GND
PF
RVT
OSCIN
OSCSEL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
RST
RST
WDS
CEI
CEO
ST
NMI
IN
VBAT
VCCO
VCC
GND
PF
RVT
OSCIN
OSCSEL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
RST
RST
WDS
CEI
CEO
ST
NMI
IN
•
Holds
microprocessor in check during power
transients
•
Halts and restarts an out-of-control microprocessor
•
Warns microprocessor of an impending power failure
•
Converts CMOS SRAM into nonvolatile memory
•
Unconditionally write protects memory when power
supply is out of tolerance
•
Delays write protection until completion of the current
memory cycle
•
Consumes less than 200 nA of battery current
•
Controls
external power switch for high current
applications
16-Pin DIP (300 Mil.)
See Mech. Drawings
Section
16-Pin SOIC (300 Mil.)
See Mech. Drawings
Section
PIN DESCRIPTION
V
BAT
V
CCO
V
CC
GND
PF
RVT
OSCIN
OSCSEL
IN
NMI
ST
CEO
CEI
WDS
RST
RST
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
+3 Volt Battery Input
Switched SRAM Supply Output
+5 Volt Power Supply Input
Ground
Power Fail
Reset Voltage Threshold
Oscillator In
Oscillator Select
Early Warning Input
Non–Maskable Interrupt
Strobe Input
Chip Enable Output
Chip Enable Input
Watchdog Status
Reset Output (active low)
Reset Output (active high)
•
Debounces pushbutton reset
•
Accurate 10% power supply monitoring
•
Optional
5% power supply monitoring designated
DS1238-5
cations
•
Provides orderly shutdown ini mcroprocessor appli-
•
Pin-for-pin compatible with MAX691
•
Standard 16-pin DIP or space-saving 16-pin SOIC
•
Optional industrial temperature range -40°C to +85°C
DESCRIPTION
The DS1238 MicroManager provides all the necessary
functions for power supply monitoring, reset control,
and memory backup in microprocessor-based systems.
A precise internal voltage reference and comparator cir-
cuit monitor power supply status. When an out-of-toler-
ance condition occurs, the microprocessor reset and
power fail outputs are forced active, and static RAM
control unconditionally write protects external memory.
The DS1238 also provides early warning detection of a
user-defined threshold by driving a non-maskable inter-
rupt. External reset control is provided by a pushbutton
reset debounce circuit connected to the RST pin. An in-
ternal watchdog timer can also force the reset outputs to
the active state if the strobe input is not driven low prior
to watchdog timeout. Oscillator control pins OSCSEL
and OSCIN provide either external or internal clock tim-
ing for both the reset pulse width and the watchdog time-
out period. The Watchdog Status and Reset Voltage
Threshold are provided via WDS and RVT, respectively.
A block diagram of the DS1238 is shown in Figure 1.
022698 1/13
DS1238
PIN DESCRIPTION
PIN NAME
V
BAT
V
CCO
V
CC
GND
PF
RVT
OSCIN
OSCSEL
IN
NMI
ST
CEO
CEI
WDS
RST
RST
DESCRIPTION
+3V Battery Input provides nonvolatile operation of control functions.
V
CC
output for nonvolatile SRAM applications.
+5V primary power input.
System ground.
Power fail indicator, active high, used for external power switching as shown in Figure 9.
Reset Voltage Threshold. Indicates that V
CC
is below the reset voltage threshold.
Oscillator input or timing capacitor. See Table 1.
Oscillator Select. Selects internal or external clock functions. See Table 1.
Early warning power fail input. This voltage sense point may be tied (via resistor divider) to a
user-selected voltage.
Non-maskable interrupt. Output used in conjunction with the IN pin to indicate an impending
power failure.
Strobe input. A high–to–low transition will reset the watchdog timer, indicating that software is
still in control.
Chip enable output. Write protected. Used with nonvolatile SRAM applications.
Chip enable input.
Watchdog Status. Indicates that a watchdog timeout has occurred.
Active low reset output.
Active high reset output.
POWER MONITOR
The DS1238 employs a band gap voltage reference and
a precision comparator to monitor the 5–volt supply
(V
CC
) in microprocessor-based systems. When an
out-of-tolerance condition occurs, the RVT, RST, and
RST outputs are driven to the active state. The V
CC
trip
point (V
CCTP
) is set for 10% operation so that the RVT,
RST and RST outputs will become active as V
CC
falls
below 4.5 volts (4.37 typical). The V
CCTP
for the 5% op-
eration option (DS1238-5) is set for 4.75 volts (4.62 typi-
cal). The RST and RST signals are excellent for micro-
processor reset control, as processing is stopped at the
last possible moment of in-tolerance V
CC
. On power up,
RVT will become inactive as soon as V
CC
rises above
V
CCTP
. However, the RST and RST signals remain ac-
tive for a minimum of 50 ms (100 ms typical) after V
CCTP
is reached to allow the power supply and microproces-
sor to stabilize.
022698 2/13
DS1238
WATCHDOG TIMER
The DS1238 provides a watchdog timer function which
forces the WDS, RST, and RST signals to the active
state when the strobe input (ST) is not stimulated for a
predetermined time period. This time period is de-
scribed below in Table 1. The watchdog timeout period
begins as soon as RST and RST are inactive. If a
high-to-low transition occurs at the ST input prior to time
out, the watchdog timer is reset and begins to time out
again. The ST input timing is shown in Figure 2. In order
to guarantee that the watchdog timer does not timeout,
a high-to-low transition on ST must occur at or less than
the minimum timeout of the watchdog as described in
the AC Electrical Characteristics. If the watchdog timer
is allowed to time out, the WDS, RST, and RST outputs
are driven to the active state. WDS is a latched signal
which indicates the watchdog status, and is activated as
soon as the watchdog timer completes a full period as
outlined in Table 1. The WDS pin will remain low until
one of three operations occurs. The first is to strobe the
ST pin with a falling edge, which will both set the WDS as
well as the watchdog timer count. The second is to leave
the ST pin open, which disables the watchdog. Lastly,
the WDS pin is active low whenever V
CC
falls below
V
CCTP
and activates the RVT signal. The ST input can
be derived from microprocessor address, data, or con-
trol signals, as well as microcontroller port pins. Under
normal operating conditions, these signals would rou-
tinely reset the watchdog timer prior to time out. The
watchdog is disabled by leaving the ST input open, or as
soon as V
CC
falls to V
CCTP
.
input. Since the IN trip point V
TP
is 1.27 volts, the proper
values for R1 and R2 can be determined by the equation
as shown in Figure 5. Proper operation of the DS1238
requires that the voltage at the IN pin be limited to V
IH
.
Therefore, the maximum allowable voltage at the supply
being monitored (V
MAX
) can also be derived as shown
in Figure 5. A simple approach to solving this equation is
to select a value for R2 of high enough value to keep
power consumption low, and solve for R1. The flexibility
of the IN input pin allows for detection of power loss at
the earliest point in a power supply system, maximizing
the amount of time for microprocessor shut-down be-
tween NMI and RST or RST.
When the supply being monitored decays to the voltage
sense point, the DS1238 will force the NMI output to an
active state. Noise is removed from the NMI power fail
detection circuitry using built-in time domain hysteresis.
That is, the monitored supply is sampled periodically at
a rate determined by an internal ring oscillator running at
approximately 30 KHz (33
µs/cycle).
Three consecutive
samplings of out-of-tolerance supply (below V
SENSE
)
must occur at the IN pin to active NMI. Therefore, the
supply must be below the voltage sense point for ap-
proximately 100
µs
or the comparator will reset. In this
way, power supply noise is removed from the monitoring
function preventing false trips. During a power–up, any
IN pin levels below V
TP
detected by the comparator are
disabled from reaching the NMI pin until V
CC
rises to
V
CCTP
. As a result, any potential active NMI will not be
initiated until V
CC
reaches V
CCTP
.
Removal of an active low level on the NMI pin is con-
trolled by the subsequent rise of the IN pin above V
TP
.
The initiation and removal of the NMI signal during pow-
er up depends on the relative voltage relationship be-
tween V
CC
and the IN pin voltage. Note that a fast slew-
ing power supply may cause the NMI to be virtually
non-existent on power up. This is of no consequence
however, since an RST will be active. The NMI voltage
will follow V
CC
down until V
CC
decays to V
BAT
. Once
V
CC
decays to VBAT, the NMI pin will enter a tri-state
mode.
NON–MASKABLE INTERRUPT
The DS1238 generates a non-maskable interrupt (NMI)
for early warning of a power failure to the microproces-
sor. A precision comparator monitors the voltage level at
the IN pin relative to an on-chip reference generated by
an internal band gap. The IN pin is a high impedance in-
put allowing for a user-defined sense point. An external
resistor voltage divider network (Figure 5) is used to in-
terface with high voltage signals. This sense point may
be derived from the regulated 5-volt supply, or from a
higher DC voltage level closer to the main system power
ST INPUT TIMING
Figure 2
ST
V
IH
t
ST
t
TD
022698 4/13
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