HCS412C/P datasheet, PDF - EEWORLD Datasheet

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HCS412C/P: DescriptionIC,TRANSPONDER,CMOS,DIP,8PIN,PLASTIC; CategoryWireless rf/communication Telecom circuit; File Size450KB，44 Pages; ManufacturerMicrochip; Websitehttps://www.microchip.com

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HCS412C/P Overview

IC,TRANSPONDER,CMOS,DIP,8PIN,PLASTIC

HCS412C/P Parametric

Parameter Name	Attribute value
Is it Rohs certified?	incompatible
Maker	Microchip
Reach Compliance Code	unknown
JESD-30 code	R-PDIP-T8
JESD-609 code	e0
Number of terminals	8
Maximum operating temperature	70 °C
Minimum operating temperature
Package body material	PLASTIC/EPOXY
encapsulated code	DIP
Encapsulate equivalent code	DIP8,.3
Package shape	RECTANGULAR
Package form	IN-LINE
power supply	2/6.5 V
Certification status	Not Qualified
Maximum slew rate	0.3 mA
surface mount	NO
technology	CMOS
Telecom integrated circuit types	TELECOM CIRCUIT
Temperature level	COMMERCIAL
Terminal surface	Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb)
Terminal form	THROUGH-HOLE
Terminal pitch	2.54 mm
Terminal location	DUAL

HCS412C/P Preview

HCS412

Code Hopping Encoder and Transponder

FEATURES

Security

•

Programmable 64-bit encoder crypt key

Two 64-bit IFF keys

Keys are read protected

32-bit bi-directional challenge and response using

one of two possible keys

69-bit transmission length

• 32-bit hopping code,

• 37-bit nonencrypted portion

Programmable 28/32-bit serial number

60-bit, read protected seed for secure learning

Two IFF encryption algorithms

Delayed counter increment mechanism

Asynchronous transponder communication

Transmissions include button Queuing

information

PACKAGE TYPES

PDIP, SOIC

S2/RFEN/LC1

LC0

LED

DATA

GND

HCS412

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Power

Control

Oscillator

•

Configuration Register

Debounce

Control

and

Queuer

Address EEPROM

Decoding

Wake-up

Logic

LED

•

2.0V to 6.3V operation

Three switch inputs: S2, S1, S0 – seven functions

Battery-less bi-directional transponder capability

Selectable baud rate and code word blanking

Automatic code word completion

Battery low detector

PWM or Manchester data encoding

Combined transmitter, transponder operation

Anticollision of multiple transponders

Passive proximity activation

Device protected against reverse battery

Intelligent damping for high Q LC-circuits

100 mV

sensitive LC input

Transponder

Circuitry

LC0

RFEN/S2/LC1

PPM

Detector

DATA

PPM

Manch.

Encoder

DATA

Driver

Other

•

Simple programming interface

On-chip tunable RC oscillator, ± 10%

On-chip EEPROM

64-bit user EEPROM in Transponder mode

Battery-low LED indication

Serialized Quick Turn Programming (SQTP

)

8-pin PDIP/SOIC

RF Enable output

ASK and FSK PLL interface option

Built in LC input amplifier

Typical Applications

•

Automotive remote entry systems

Automotive alarm systems

Automotive immobilizers

Gate and garage openers

Electronic door locks (Home/Office/Hotel)

Burglar alarm systems

Proximity access control

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preliminary

DS41099C-page 1

LED

Control

Control Logic

and Counters

Operating

Encryption/Increment

Logic

HCS412

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The HCS412 combines patented K

code hop-

ping technology with bi-directional transponder chal-

lenge-and-response security into a single chip solution

for logical and physical access control.

When used as a code hopping encoder, the HCS412 is

ideally suited to keyless entry systems; vehicle and

garage door access in particular. The same HCS412

can also be used as a secure bi-directional transponder

for contactless token verification. These capabilities

make the HCS412 ideal for combined secure access

control and identification applications, dramatically

reducing the cost of hybrid transmitter/transponder

solutions.

•

Learn

– Learning involves the receiver calculating

the transmitter’s appropriate crypt key, decrypting

the received hopping code and storing the serial

number, synchronization counter value and crypt

key in EEPROM (Section 6.1). The K

prod-

uct family facilitates several learning strategies to

be implemented on the decoder. The following are

examples of what can be done.

Simple Learning

The receiver uses a fixed crypt key, common

to all components of all systems by the same

manufacturer, to decrypt the received code

word’s encrypted portion.

Normal Learning

The receiver uses information transmitted

during normal operation to derive the crypt

key and decrypt the received code word’s

encrypted portion.

Secure Learn

The transmitter is activated through a special

button combination to transmit a stored 60-bit

seed value used to generate the transmitter’s

crypt key. The receiver uses this seed value

to derive the same crypt key and decrypt the

received code word’s encrypted portion.

•

Manufacturer’s code

- A unique and secret 64-

bit number used to generate unique encoder crypt

keys. Each encoder is programmed with a crypt

key that is a function of the manufacturer’s code.

Each decoder is programmed with the manufac-

turer code itself.

•

Anticollision

- A scheme whereby transponders

in the same field can be addressed individually

preventing simultaneous response to a command

(Section 4.3.1).

•

IFF

- Identify Friend or Foe (Section 1.2).

•

Proximity Activation

- A method whereby an

encoder automatically initiates a transmission in

response to detecting an inductive field

(Section 4.4.1).

•

Transport code

- An access code, ‘password’

known only by the manufacturer, allowing pro-

gram access to certain secure device memory

areas (Section 4.3.3).

•

AGC

- Automatic Gain Control.

1.0

SYSTEM OVERVIEW

Key Terms

The following is a list of key terms used throughout this

data sheet. For additional information on terminology,

please refer to the K

introductory Technical Brief

(TB003).

•

RKE -

Remote Keyless Entry.

•

PKE

- Passive Keyless Entry.

•

Button Status

- Indicates what transponder but-

ton input(s) activated the transmission. Encom-

passes the 4 button status bits LC0, S2, S1 and

S0 (Figure 3-2).

•

Code Hopping

- A method by which a code,

viewed externally to the system, appears to

change unpredictably each time it is transmitted

(Section 1.1.3).

•

Code word

- A block of data that is repeatedly

transmitted upon button activation (Section 3.2).

•

Transmission

- A data stream consisting of

repeating code words.

•

Crypt key

- A unique and secret 64-bit number

used to encrypt and decrypt data. In a symmetri-

cal block cipher such as the K

algorithm,

the encryption and decryption keys are equal and

will therefore be referred to generally as the crypt

key.

•

Encoder

- A device that generates and encodes

data.

•

Encryption Algorithm

- A recipe whereby data is

scrambled using a crypt key. The data can only be

interpreted by the respective decryption algorithm

using the same crypt key.

•

Decoder

- A device that decodes data received

from an encoder.

•

Transponder Reader (Reader, for short)

- A

device that authenticates a token using bi-direc-

tional communication.

•

Decryption algorithm

- A recipe whereby data

scrambled by an encryption algorithm can be

unscrambled using the same crypt key.

DS41099C-page 2

Preliminary

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

HCS412

1.1

Encoder Overview

The HCS412 code hopping transcoder is designed

specifically for passive entry systems; primarily vehicle

access. The transcoder portion of a passive entry sys-

tem is integrated into a transmitter, carried by the user

and operated to gain access to a vehicle or restricted

area. The HCS412 is meant to be a cost-effective yet

secure solution to such systems, requiring very few

external components (Figure 2-6).

1.1.1

LOW-END SYSTEM SECURITY RISKS

The 16-bit synchronization counter is the basis behind

the transmitted code word changing for each transmis-

sion; it increments each time a button is pressed.

Once the device detects a button press, it reads the

button inputs and updates the synchronization counter.

The synchronization counter and crypt key are input to

the encryption algorithm and the output is 32 bits of

encrypted information. This encrypted data will change

with every button press, its value appearing externally

to ‘randomly hop around’, hence it is referred to as the

hopping portion of the code word. The 32-bit hopping

code is combined with the button information and serial

number to form the code word transmitted to the

receiver. The code word format is explained in greater

detail in Section 3.2.

‘grabbing’ or code ‘scanning’. The high security level of

the HCS412 is based on the patented K

technol-

ogy. A block cipher based on a block length of 32 bits

and a key length of 64 bits is used. The algorithm

obscures the information in such a way that even if the

transmission information (before coding) differs by only

one bit from that of the previous transmission, statisti-

cally greater than 50 percent of the next transmission’s

encrypted bits will change.

1.1.3

Most low-end keyless entry transmitters are given a

fixed identification code that is transmitted every time a

button is pushed. The number of unique identification

codes in a low-end system is usually a relatively small

number. These shortcomings provide an opportunity

for a sophisticated thief to create a device that ‘grabs’

a transmission and retransmits it later, or a device that

quickly ‘scans’ all possible identification codes until the

correct one is found.

1.1.2

HCS412 SECURITY

HCS412 HOPPING CODE

The HCS412, on the other hand, employs the K

code hopping technology coupled with a transmission

length of 69 bits to virtually eliminate the use of code

FIGURE 1-1:

BUILDING THE TRANSMITTED CODE WORD (ENCODER)

Transmitted Information

Encryption

Algorithm

32 Bits of

Encrypted Data

Serial Number

Button Press

Information

EEPROM Array

Crypt Key

Sync Counter

Serial Number

1.2

Identify Friend or Foe (IFF) Overview

Validation of a token first involves an authentication

device sending a random challenge to the token. The

token then replies with a calculated response that is a

function of the received challenge and the stored crypt

key. The authentication device, transponder reader,

performs the same calculation and compares it to the

token’s response. If they match, the token is identified

as valid and the transponder reader can take appropri-

ate action.

The HCS412’s 32-bit IFF response is generated using

one of two possible encryption algorithms and one of

two possible crypt keys; four combinations total. The

authenticating device precedes the challenge with a

five bit command word dictating which algorithm and

key to use in calculating the response.

The bi-directional communication path required for IFF

is typically inductive for short range (<10cm) transpon-

der applications and an inductive challenge, RF

response for longer range (~1.5m) passive entry appli-

cations.

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preliminary

DS41099C-page 3

HCS412

2.0

2.1

DEVICE DESCRIPTION

Pinout Description

The HCS412’s footprint is identical to other encoders in

the K

family, except for the two pins reserved for

low frequency communication.

TABLE 2-1:

Name

S2/RFEN/LC1

PINOUT SUMMARY

Number

Description

Button input pin with Schmitt Trigger detector and internal 60 kΩ (nominal) pull-down

resistor (Figure 2-1).

Button input pin with Schmitt Trigger detector and internal 60 kΩ (nominal) pull-down

resistor (Figure 2-1).

Multi-purpose input / output pin (Figure 2-2).

• Button input pin with Schmitt Trigger detector and internal pull-down resistor.

• RFEN output driver.

• LC1 low frequency (LF) antenna output driver for inductive responses and LC bias.

• Programming clock signal input.

Low frequency (LF) antenna input with automatic gain control for inductive reception and

low frequency output driver for inductive responses (Figure 2-3).

Ground reference.

Transmission data output driver. Programming input / output data signal (Figure 2-4).

LED output driver (Figure 2-5).

Positive supply voltage.

LC0

GND

DATA

LED

FIGURE 2-1:

S0/S1 PIN DIAGRAM

SWITCH

60 kΩ

FIGURE 2-3:

LC0 PIN DIAGRAM

RECTIFIER AND

REGULATOR

S2LC OPTION

LC0 100

Ω

AMP

AND

DET

FIGURE 2-2:

S2/RFEN/LC1 PIN DIAGRAM

S2LC OPTION

INPUT

OUTPUT

10V

OUT

100

Ω

SWITCH 2

INPUT

OUTPUT

10V

DS41099C-page 4

VBIAS

RFEN

Preliminary

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

HCS412

FIGURE 2-4:

DATA PIN DIAGRAM

FIGURE 2-5:

LED PIN DIAGRAM

LED

DATA

LED_ON

DATA

OUT

120 kΩ

DATA

FIGURE 2-6:

TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUITS

Battery-less Short Range Transponder

LC1

LC0

LED

DATA

GND

HCS412

Long Range / Proximity Activated Transponder / Encoder

LC1

LC0

LED

DATA

GND

HCS412

Short Range Transponder with RFEN Control / Long Range Encoder

RFEN

LC0

LED

DATA

GND

HCS412

2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preliminary

DS41099C-page 5

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