AN469
I
2
C/SMBus general purpose I/O expanders
Rev. 02 — 20 January 2005
Application note
Document information
Info
Keywords
Abstract
Content
I2C-bus, I/O expander, GPIO, EEPROM
One of the more common functions of the I
2
C-bus is to provide additional
I/O port capability for a controller without increasing the number of pins on
the controller package. Philips Semiconductors offers many different
versions of I
2
C I/O port expanders. The following is a selection guide that
provides the designer with an overview of the similarities and important
differences of selecting the best port expander for the job.
Philips Semiconductors
AN469
I
2
C/SMBus general purpose I/O expanders
Revision history
Rev
2
Date
20050120
Description
Application note (9397 750 14523).
Modifications:
•
•
•
•
1
20010815
The format of this application note has been redesigned to comply with the new
presentation and information standard of Philips Semiconductors.
Title of application note changed from ‘I
2
C I/O ports’ to ‘I
2
C/SMBus general purpose I/O
expanders’
Newest I
2
C devices have been added (PCA9534, PCA9535, PCA9536, PCA9537,
PCA9538, PCA9539)
Technical section added: device pinout, architecture overview, programming, RESET,
INT, Frequently Asked Questions.
Application note; initial version.
Contact information
For additional information, please visit:
http://www.semiconductors.philips.com
For sales office addresses, please send an email to:
sales.addresses@www.semiconductors.philips.com
9397 750 14523
© Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2005. All rights reserved.
Application note
Rev. 02 — 20 January 2005
2 of 44
Philips Semiconductors
AN469
I
2
C/SMBus general purpose I/O expanders
1. Introduction
1.1 Family overview
The Philips family of I
2
C/SMBus General Purpose parallel Input/Output (GPIO) devices
provides a simple solution for application requiring more I/Os.
About 20 different devices can be chosen from two sub-families, commonly called ‘quasi
bi-directional General Purpose I/Os’ and ‘totem-pole General Purpose I/Os’. Devices can
be chosen with 4-bit, 8-bit or 16-bit width. Additional features (not available on all the
devices) are active-LOW Interrupt output, active-LOW Reset input, programmable I
2
C
address pins and low power consumption. Finally, some devices come with additional
functions (EEPROM, DIP switch) providing integrated and price attractive combination
solutions.
Quasi bi-directional GPIOs use a push-pull I/O port with an internal weak current-source
pull-up to keep the port HIGH since the upper transistor is on for only
1
⁄
2
clock cycle.
Totem-pole GPIOs use a configuration register that programs an I/O port as either an
input or output.
Devices with a Reset input pin (RESET) can be set to a known default state by a master
device when, for instance, an ‘I
2
C-bus hung’ situation occurs, thus allowing the master to
take control of the bus without having to cycle power to the device.
Devices with an Interrupt output pin (INT) are able to provide an ‘input change’ status to a
master device anytime an I/O used as an input changes its logic state.
Programmable I
2
C address pins allow more than one device in the same I
2
C-bus without
any address conflicts.
Low power consumption GPIOs are attractive for portable applications or in general any
application where current consumption is a key parameter.
The following is a selection guide that provides the designers and engineers with an
overview of the similarities and important differences, allowing them to select the best port
expander for the job. Even though important technical details are explained in this
application note, the reader is encouraged to thoroughly review the data sheets for
specific information on the device.
1.2 Applications
•
•
•
•
•
Keypad and switch control
ACPI power switch, relays, timer
LED control
Signal monitoring
Sensors, fan control
9397 750 14523
© Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2005. All rights reserved.
Application note
Rev. 02 — 20 January 2005
3 of 44
Philips Semiconductors
AN469
I
2
C/SMBus general purpose I/O expanders
2. GPIO devices
2.1 Quasi bi-directional GPIOs
Quasi bi-directional GPIO devices have the following common features:
•
I/O structure: quasi-bi-directional I/O port with an internal weak current-source pull-up.
This architecture allows a good sink current capability (25 mA) but a limited source
current capability (100
µA).
This simple I/O structure allows the use of the I/O as input
or output without the need of an internal configuration register. See
Section 3 “Quasi
bi-directional GPIO programming”
for more details.
•
I/O current drive capability:
–
sink capability = 25 mA
–
source capability = 100
µA
•
Power-up state: devices power up with I/Os configured as inputs.
2.1.1 PCF8574 / PCF8574A
2.1.1.1
Device characteristics
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
8-bit GPIO
Operating supply voltage 2.5 V to 6 V
Support Standard-Mode (100 kHz) and Fast-Mode (400 kHz) I
2
C standards
Active-LOW open-drain interrupt output
3 programmable I
2
C address pins allows 8 different addresses
Maximum stand-by current of 10
µA
Only difference between PCF8574 and PCF8574A is the fixed portion of the I
2
C
address
•
Package offering: DIP16, SO16 and SSOP20
2.1.1.2
Device pinout
A0
A1
A2
P0
P1
P2
P3
V
SS
1
2
3
4
16 V
DD
15 SDA
14 SCL
13 INT
A0 1
A1 2
A2 3
P0 4
P1 5
P2 6
P3 7
V
SS
8
MCE001
INT
SCL
16 V
DD
15 SDA
14 SCL
13 INT
12 P7
11 P6
10 P5
9
P4
n.c.
SDA
V
DD
A0
A1
n.c.
A2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
20 P7
19 P6
18 n.c.
17 P5
16 P4
15 V
SS
14 P3
13 n.c.
12 P2
11 P1
MBD978
PCF8574P
5
PCF8574AP
12 P7
6
7
8
MBD979
11 P6
10 P5
9
P4
PCF8574T
PCF8574AT
PCF8574TS
PCF8574ATS
P0 10
a. DIP16
Fig 1. PCF8574/PCF8574A pinning
9397 750 14523
b. SO16
c. SSOP20
© Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2005. All rights reserved.
Application note
Rev. 02 — 20 January 2005
4 of 44
Philips Semiconductors
AN469
I
2
C/SMBus general purpose I/O expanders
2.1.1.3
Ordering information
Table 1:
Package
DIP16
SO16
SSOP20
Ordering information
Container
Tube
Tube
T&R
Tube
T&R
PCF8574
PCF8574P
PCF8574T
PCF8574T-T
PCF8574TS
PCF8574TS-T
PCF8574A
PCF8574AP
PCF8574AT
PCF8574AT-T
PCF8574ATS
PCF8574ATS-T
2.1.2 PCF8575 / PCF8575C
2.1.2.1
Device characteristics
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
16-bit GPIO
Operating supply voltage 2.5 V to 5.5 V
Support Standard-Mode (100 kHz) and Fast-Mode (400 kHz) I
2
C standards
Active-LOW open-drain interrupt output
3 programmable I
2
C address pins allows 8 different addresses
Maximum stand-by current of 10
µA
Difference between PCF8575 and PCF8575C are:
–
No internal I/O current source (open-drain)
–
TTL input levels
•
Package offering: SSOP24
2.1.2.2
Device pinout
INT
A1
A2
P00
P01
P02
P03
P04
P05
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
24 V
DD
23 SDA
22 SCL
21 A0
20 P17
19 P16
18 P15
17 P14
16 P13
15 P12
14 P11
13 P10
MGL538
PCF8575TS
P06 10
P07 11
V
SS
12
Fig 2. PCF8575/PCF8575C pinning
9397 750 14523
© Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. 2005. All rights reserved.
Application note
Rev. 02 — 20 January 2005
5 of 44