Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Low-voltage frequency synthesizer for
radio telephones
FEATURES
•
Low phase noise
•
Low current from 3 V supply
•
Fully programmable main divider
•
3-line serial interface bus
•
Independent fully programmable reference divider,
driven from external crystal oscillator
•
Hard and soft power-down control.
APPLICATIONS
•
900 MHz and 2 GHz mobile telephones
•
Portable battery-powered radio equipment.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The UMA1021AM BICMOS device integrates a prescaler,
programmable dividers, and a phase comparator to
implement a phase-locked loop.
QUICK REFERENCE DATA
SYMBOL
V
DD1
, V
DD2
V
CC
I
tot
I
tot(pd)
f
RF
f
xtal
f
ph(comp)
T
amb
PARAMETER
digital supply voltage
total supply current (I
DD
+ I
CC
)
total supply current in Power-down
mode (I
DD
+ I
CC
)
RF input frequency
crystal reference oscillator input
frequency
phase comparator frequency
operating ambient temperature
CONDITIONS
V
DD1
= V
DD2
= V
DD
V
CC
= V
DD
= 5.5 V
logic levels 0 V or V
DD
MIN.
2.7
2.7
−
−
300
3
−
−30
UMA1021AM
The device is designed to operate from 3 NiCd cells, in
pocket phones, with low current and nominal 3 V supplies.
The synthesizer operates at RF input frequencies
up to 2.2 GHz with a fully programmable reference divider.
All divider ratios are supplied via a 3-wire serial
programming bus.
Separate power and ground pins are provided to the
analog (charge pump) and digital circuits. The ground
leads should be externally short-circuited to prevent large
currents flowing across the die and thus causing damage.
V
DD1
and V
DD2
must also be at the same potential (V
DD
).
V
CC
must be equal to or greater than V
DD
for wider control
range of the Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO),
e.g. V
DD
= 3 V and V
CC
= 5 V.
The charge pump current (phase detector gain) is fixed by
an external resistor at pin I
SET
and controlled via the serial
interface. Only a passive loop filter is necessary; the
charge pump functions within a wide voltage compliance
range to improve the overall system performance.
TYP.
−
−
10
5
−
−
200
−
MAX.
5.5
5.5
−
−
2200
35
−
+85
UNIT
V
V
mA
µA
MHz
MHz
kHz
°C
analog supply voltage for charge pump V
CC
≥
V
DD
ORDERING INFORMATION
PACKAGE
TYPE NUMBER
NAME
UMA1021AM
SSOP16
DESCRIPTION
plastic shrink small outline package; 16 leads; body width
4.4 mm
VERSION
SOT369-1
1998 Nov 19
2
Philips Semiconductors
Product specification
Low-voltage frequency synthesizer for
radio telephones
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
Main divider
The main divider is clocked at pin RFI by the RF signal
which is AC-coupled from an external VCO. The divider
operates with signal levels from 50 to 225 mV (RMS) and
at frequencies from 300 MHz to 2.2 GHz. It consists of a
fully programmable bipolar prescaler followed by a CMOS
counter. The main divider allows programmable ratios
from 512 to 131071 inclusive.
Reference divider
The reference divider is clocked by the signal at pin XTAL.
The applied input signal should be AC-coupled. The circuit
operates with levels from 50 up to 500 mV (RMS) and at
frequencies from 3 to 35 MHz. Any divide ratios from
8 to 2047 inclusive can be programmed.
Phase comparator and charge pump
The phase detector is driven by the edges of the output
signals of the main and reference dividers. The detector
produces current pulses at pin CP. The pulse duration is
equal to the difference in time of arrival of the edges from
the two dividers. If the main divider edge arrives first,
pin CP sinks current. If the reference divider edge arrives
first, pin CP sources current.
The current at pin CP can be controlled via the serial
programming bus as a multiple of the reference current set
by an external pull-down resistor connected between
pin I
SET
and ground (see Table 2). Pin CP remains active
except in the Power-down mode.
Additional circuitry is included to ensure that the gain of the
phase detector remains linear even for small phase errors.
Out-of-lock detector
The out-of-lock detector is enabled or disabled via the
serial interface by setting bit OOL (dt12) HIGH or LOW
(see Table 1). An open-drain transistor drives the output
pin LOCK. It is recommended to keep the sink current in
the LOW state below 400
µA
by applying a pull-up resistor
from pin LOCK to the positive supply. When the out-of-lock
detector is enabled pin LOCK is HIGH if the error at the
phase detector input is less than approximately 25 ns,
otherwise pin LOCK is LOW. If the out-of-lock detector is
disabled, pin LOCK remains HIGH.
Serial programming bus
A simple 3-line unidirectional serial bus is used to program
the circuit.
1998 Nov 19
4
UMA1021AM
The 3 lines are DATA (data bits), CLK (clock pulses) and
E (enable signal). The data sent to the device is loaded in
bursts framed by E. Programming clock edges and their
appropriate data bits are ignored until E goes active LOW.
The programmed information is loaded into the addressed
latch when E returns HIGH. During normal operation,
E should be kept HIGH. Only the last 21 bits serially
clocked into the device are retained within the
programming register. Additional leading bits are ignored,
and no check is made on the number of clock pulses.
The fully static CMOS design uses virtually no current
when the programming bus is inactive. It can always
capture new programmed data even during power-down.
When the synthesizer is switched on, the presence of a
signal at the reference divider input is required for correct
programming.
Data format
The data format is shown in Table 1. The first bit entered
is dt16, the last bit is ad0.
The leading bits (dt16 to dt0) make up the data field.
The four trailing bits (ad3 to ad0) are the address field.
The UMA1021AM uses 4 of the 16 available addresses.
These are chosen for compatibility with other Philips
Semiconductors radio telephone ICs. The trailing address
bits are decoded on the rising edge of E. This produces an
internal load pulse to store the data in the addressed latch.
To avoid erroneous divider ratios, the load pulse is not
allowed during data reads by the frequency dividers. This
condition is guaranteed by respecting a minimum E pulse
width after data transfer.
For the divider ratios, the first bits entered (PM16 and
PR10) are the Most Significant Bits (MSBs).
The test register (address 0000) does not normally need to
be programmed. However, if it is programmed all bits in the
data field should be set to logic 0.
Power-down mode
The synthesizer is switched on when both the power-on
input (PON) and the programmed bit dt6 (sPON) are
HIGH. When switched on, the dividers and phase detector
are synchronized to avoid random phase errors. When
switched off, the phase detector is synchronized to avoid
interrupting of the charge pump pulses.
The UMA1021AM has a very low current consumption in
the Power-down mode.
Embedded System
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