Features
•
High Performance, Low Power AVR
®
8-Bit Microcontroller
•
Advanced RISC Architecture
– 135 Powerful Instructions – Most Single Clock Cycle Execution
– 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers
– Fully Static Operation
– Up to 16 MIPS Throughput at 16 MHz
– On-Chip 2-cycle Multiplier
Non-volatile Program and Data Memories
– 16/32K Bytes of In-System Self-Programmable Flash (ATmega16U4/ATmega32U4)
– 1.25/2.5K Bytes Internal SRAM (ATmega16U4/ATmega32U4)
– 512Bytes/1K Bytes Internal EEPROM (ATmega16U4/ATmega32U4)
– Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM
– Data retention: 20 years at 85°C/ 100 years at 25°C
(1)
– Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits
In-System Programming by On-chip Boot Program hardware activated after
reset
True Read-While-Write Operation
All supplied parts are preprogramed with a default USB bootloader
– Programming Lock for Software Security
JTAG (IEEE std. 1149.1 compliant) Interface
– Boundary-scan Capabilities According to the JTAG Standard
– Extensive On-chip Debug Support
– Programming of Flash, EEPROM, Fuses, and Lock Bits through the JTAG Interface
USB 2.0 Full-speed/Low Speed Device Module with Interrupt on Transfer Completion
– Complies fully with Universal Serial Bus Specification Rev 2.0
– Supports data transfer rates up to 12 Mbit/s and 1.5 Mbit/s
– Endpoint 0 for Control Transfers: up to 64-bytes
– 6 Programmable Endpoints with IN or Out Directions and with Bulk, Interrupt or
Isochronous Transfers
– Configurable Endpoints size up to 256 bytes in double bank mode
– Fully independent 832 bytes USB DPRAM for endpoint memory allocation
– Suspend/Resume Interrupts
– CPU Reset possible on USB Bus Reset detection
– 48 MHz from PLL for Full-speed Bus Operation
– USB Bus Connection/Disconnection on Microcontroller Request
Peripheral Features
– On-chip PLL for USB and High Speed Timer: 32 up to 96 MHz operation
– Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescaler and Compare Mode
– Two 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare- and Capture Mode
– One 10-bit High-Speed Timer/Counter with PLL (64 MHz) and Compare Mode
– Four 8-bit PWM Channels
– Four PWM Channels with Programmable Resolution from 2 to 16 Bits
– Six PWM Channels for High Speed Operation, with Programmable Resolution from
2 to 11 Bits
– Output Compare Modulator
– 12-channels, 10-bit ADC (features Differential Channels with Programmable Gain)
– Programmable Serial USART with Hardware Flow Control
– Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface
•
•
8-bit
Microcontroller
with
16/32K Bytes of
ISP Flash
and USB
Controller
ATmega16U4
ATmega32U4
•
Preliminary
•
7766D–AVR–01/09
•
•
•
•
•
– Byte Oriented 2-wire Serial Interface
– Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator
– On-chip Analog Comparator
– Interrupt and Wake-up on Pin Change (8xPCINT + 5xINT sources)
– On-chip Temperature Sensor (see A/D Converter section)
Special Microcontroller Features
– Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection
– Internal 8 MHz Calibrated Oscillator
– Internal clock prescaler & On-the-fly Clock Switching (Int RC / Ext Osc)
– External and Internal Interrupt Sources
– Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, Standby, and Extended Standby
I/O and Packages
– All I/O combine CMOS outputs and LVTTL inputs
– 26 Programmable I/O Lines
– 44-lead TQFP Package, 10x10mm
– 44-lead QFN Package, 7x7mm
Operating Voltages
– 2.7 - 5.5V
Operating temperature
– Industrial (-40°C to +85°C)
Maximum Frequency
– 8 MHz at 2.7V - Industrial range
– 16 MHz at 4.5V - Industrial range
1. See
“Data Retention” on page 8
for details.
Note:
2
ATmega16U4/ATmega32U4
7766D–AVR–01/09
ATmega16U4/ATmega32U4
1. Pin Configurations
Figure 1-1.
Pinout ATmega16U4/ATmega32U4
PF5 (ADC5/TMS)
PF6 (ADC6/TDO)
PF4 (ADC4/TCK)
PF7 (ADC7/TDI)
PF0 (ADC0)
PF1 (ADC1)
AVCC
AREF
GND
GND
35
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
34
VCC
(INT.6/AIN0) PE6
UVcc
D-
D+
UGnd
UCap
VBus
(SS/PCINT0) PB0
(PCINT1/SCLK) PB1
(PDI/PCINT2/MOSI) PB2
(PDO/PCINT3/MISO) PB3
1
2
INDEX CORNER
33 PE2 (HWB)
32 PC7 (ICP3/CLK0/OC4A)
31 PC6 (OC3A/OC4A)
30 PB6 (PCINT6/OC1B/OC4B/ADC13)
29
PB5 (PCINT5/OC1A/OC4B/ADC12)
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
VCC 14
GND 15
XTAL2 16
XTAL1 17
18
19
20
21
22
(XCK1/CTS) PD5
ATmega32U4
ATmega16U4
44-pin QFN/TQFP
28 PB4 (PCINT4/ADC11)
27 PD7 (T0/OC4D/ADC10)
26 PD6 (T1/OC4D/ADC9)
25 PD4 (ICP1/ADC8)
24 AVCC
23 GND
(SDA/INT1) PD1
(OC0B/SCL/INT0) PD0
(RXD1/INT2) PD2
2. Overview
The ATmega16U4/ATmega32U4 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR
enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the
ATmega16U4/ATmega32U4 achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the
system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed.
(PCINT7/OC0A/OC1C/RTS) PB7
(TXD1/INT3) PD3
RESET
3
7766D–AVR–01/09
2.1
Block Diagram
Block Diagram
Figure 2-1.
PF7 - PF4
PF1 PF0
PC7 PC6
VCC
GND
PORTF DRIVERS
PORTC DRIVERS
DATA REGISTER
PORTF
DATA DIR.
REG. PORTF
DATA REGISTER
PORTC
8-BIT DA TA BUS
DATA DIR.
REG. PORTC
POR - BOD
RESET
INTERNAL
OSCILLATOR
CALIB. OSC
JTAG TAP
PROGRAM
COUNTER
STACK
POINTER
WATCHDOG
TIMER
OSCILLATOR
ON-CHIP DEBUG
PROGRAM
FLASH
SRAM
MCU CONTROL
REGISTER
TIMERS/
COUNTERS
INTERRUPT
UNIT
TIMING AND
CONTROL
BOUNDARY-
SCAN
INSTRUCTION
REGISTER
GENERAL
PURPOSE
REGISTERS
X
Y
Z
RESET
XTAL1
XTAL2
UVcc
ON-CHIP
USB PAD 3V
REGULATOR
PROGRAMMING
LOGIC
INSTRUCTION
DECODER
EEPROM
UCap
1uF
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
AVCC
AGND
AREF
ADC
CONTROL
LINES
ALU
HIGH SPEED
STATUS
REGISTER
TIMER/PWM
PLL
VBUS
DP
USB 2.0
DM
TWO-WIRE SERIAL
INTERFACE
ANALOG
COMPARATOR
USART1
SPI
DATA REGISTER
PORTE
DATA DIR.
REG. PORTE
DATA REGISTER
PORTB
DATA DIR.
REG. PORTB
DATA REGISTER
PORTD
DATA DIR.
REG. PORTD
PORTE DRIVERS
PORTB DRIVERS
PORTD DRIVERS
PE6
PE2
PB7 - PB0
PD7 - PD0
The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working registers. All the
32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent
registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resulting
architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than con-
ventional CISC microcontrollers.
The ATmega16U4/ATmega32U4 provides the following features: 16/32K bytes of In-System
Programmable Flash with Read-While-Write capabilities, 512Bytes/1K bytes EEPROM,
1.25/2.5K bytes SRAM, 26 general purpose I/O lines (CMOS outputs and LVTTL inputs), 32
general purpose working registers, four flexible Timer/Counters with compare modes and PWM,
one more high-speed Timer/Counter with compare modes and PLL adjustable source, one
USART (including CTS/RTS flow control signals), a byte oriented 2-wire Serial Interface, a 12-
4
ATmega16U4/ATmega32U4
7766D–AVR–01/09
ATmega16U4/ATmega32U4
channels 10-bit ADC with optional differential input stage with programmable gain, an on-chip
calibrated temperature sensor, a programmable Watchdog Timer with Internal Oscillator, an SPI
serial port, IEEE std. 1149.1 compliant JTAG test interface, also used for accessing the On-chip
Debug system and programming and six software selectable power saving modes. The Idle
mode stops the CPU while allowing the SRAM, Timer/Counters, SPI port, and interrupt system
to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the register contents but freezes the
Oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or Hardware Reset. The ADC
Noise Reduction mode stops the CPU and all I/O modules except ADC, to minimize switching
noise during ADC conversions. In Standby mode, the Crystal/Resonator Oscillator is running
while the rest of the device is sleeping. This allows very fast start-up combined with low power
consumption.
The device is manufactured using ATMEL’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology. The
On-chip ISP Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system through an SPI
serial interface, by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer, or by an On-chip Boot pro-
gram running on the AVR core. The boot program can use any interface to download the
application program in the application Flash memory. Software in the Boot Flash section will
continue to run while the Application Flash section is updated, providing true Read-While-Write
operation. By combining an 8-bit RISC CPU with In-System Self-Programmable Flash on a
monolithic chip, the ATMEL ATmega16U4/ATmega32U4 is a powerful microcontroller that pro-
vides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.
The ATmega16U4/ATmega32U4 AVR is supported with a full suite of program and system
development tools including: C compilers, macro assemblers, program debugger/simulators, in-
circuit emulators, and evaluation kits.
2.2
2.2.1
Pin Descriptions
VCC
Digital supply voltage.
2.2.2
GND
Ground.
2.2.3
Port B (PB7..PB0)
Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The
Port B output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source
capability. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active,
even if the clock is not running.
Port B has better driving capabilities than the other ports.
Port B also serves the functions of various special features of the ATmega16U4/ATmega32U4
as listed on
page 71.
2.2.4
Port C (PC7,PC6)
Port C is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The
Port C output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source
capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active,
even if the clock is not running.
5
7766D–AVR–01/09
京公网安备 11010802033920号
EEWORLD
