aerobotics

Programmable timing socket V0.3

 
Overview

Programmable timing socket

1. Task: Design and produce a programmable timing power socket based on a microcontroller.

2. Requirements

1. Basic requirements

1. Make a programmable timing expansion circuit for a power socket based on a microcontroller;

2. It can realize the scheduled on and off function of the power socket, and has a power on and off indicator light and switch;

3. Timing time range is 0-60 minutes; 

4. The circuit can realize overvoltage and overcurrent protection;

2. Play part

On the basis of completing the basic required tasks, the following functions are added:

1. Digital tube display of the remaining time of the timer;

2. Timing time can be set or modified through keyboard input;

3. Scoring Criteria

 

project

Full marks

basic requirements

Design and summary report: scheme comparison, theoretical analysis and calculation, circuit diagram and related design documents, test methods and instruments, test data and test result analysis

60

Actual production completion status

60

play part

Complete item (1)

20

Complete item (2)

20

4. Design Tips

1. Use a single-chip microcomputer to control the relay switch to realize on-off control of the socket power supply;

2. Use microcontroller timer to realize timing function;

3. Use Hall voltage or current sensors to detect power input voltage and current to achieve overvoltage and overcurrent protection.

 

I originally thought I would have two weeks to complete this project, but I thought I would not use the 51 and use an unused microcontroller, such as STC8A8K or STC12. It turned out that the teacher was in a hurry and handed in the report first. The circuit principle, design plan, verification plan, and all component packaging must be presented in the report. It is obvious that we need to design the plan, design the circuit, draw the schematic diagram, and place all the components on the PCB before we can complete the report. A preview report was written as the final report. In desperation, we can only build a "spare tire" first, using all chips and modules that have been used before. If there are sensor modules that support digital signal output, use them to ensure the smooth completion of the project. I will think of ways to improve, optimize, and upgrade later when I have time. It is possible that there will be no time to improve, or the improved version will overturn, and you will have to use this defense. Therefore, the two internal beta versions of V0.1 and V0.2 are temporarily put on hold, and board launching, debugging, and verification will begin with V0.3.

 

 

"Several reasons for using "single-phase AC mutual inductance metering module" instead of "Hall sensor"
1. Hall sensors are used in scenarios where high precision is required. They are expensive and have high measurement accuracy. In timing sockets, due to cost constraints, there is no need to have too high accuracy. What we care about is whether the voltage exceeds 250V and the power needs to be cut off immediately to protect electrical equipment, not whether the voltage is 249.9 or 250.0. Therefore, the measurement error of ±1% of the mutual inductance metering module is sufficient in this situation.
2. In actual product design, safety is also very important. Compared with building a Hall sensing circuit by yourself, this module has onboard power isolation and communication isolation. Protect yourself and connected MCUs. There are too many points that need to be paid attention to when building a circuit by yourself, and you need to think carefully to avoid danger. It is not suitable for this kind of course with a short development cycle.
3. This module is widely used in some power metering sockets, strips, and smart sockets. After mass production, the price can be kept very low. There are many parameters that can be measured, including voltage, current, power, power factor, electricity, etc. It is also highly integrated, and its output is a TTL-level digital quantity that can be directly read by the MCU, making it the best choice for this product.
4. It does not mean that if you take the sensor class this semester and learn about Hall sensors, you should use them immediately. As we all know, just because you have talked about it does not mean you will be able to apply it. There is a huge gap between theory and practice. And I don’t have enough R&D cycles for trial and error. It’s impossible to use everything that I haven’t used before. If I take too big a step, it’s easy to overturn.
 
Summary: After searching for information in the past few days and looking for overvoltage and overcurrent detection and protection solutions, I came to the conclusion that Hall sensors are not suitable for this occasion. In actual engineering applications, the most commonly used are fuses, circuit breakers, and varistors. The reason is also very simple. During the entire life cycle of the product, the cost of replacing the fuse and opening the circuit breaker is not as much as that of a Hall sensor. The most commonly used method is to use resistor sampling, which also faces a series of problems such as isolation and AD conversion. In short, using a single-phase AC mutual inductance electrical metering module is the most appropriate solution here. Of course, this solution also has disadvantages, that is, its sampling rate is not high. If the voltage and current are detected twice per second, there will be an interval of 500ms. If an overcurrent occurs during this period, it will be detected after 500ms at worst, and then In addition, it will take a long time for the microcontroller to calculate, issue instructions to the relay, and make the relay act. During this time, the equipment connected behind the socket may be damaged. So I want to improve this plan later, but I haven’t figured out the plan yet...
 
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