T59
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Vishay
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
ITEM
Life test at +105 °C
CONDITION
2000 h application of rated voltage at 105 °C,
MIL-STD-202 method 108
POST TEST PERFORMANCE
Capacitance change
Dissipation factor
Leakage current
Shelf life test
at +105 °C
2000 h no voltage applied at 105 °C,
MIL-STD-202 method 108
Capacitance change
Dissipation factor
Leakage current
Humidity tests
At 60 °C / 90 % RH 500 h, no voltage applied
Capacitance change
Dissipation factor
Leakage current
Stability at low and
high temperatures
-55 °C
Capacitance change
Dissipation factor
Leakage current
25 °C
Capacitance change
Dissipation factor
Leakage current
85 °C
Capacitance change
Dissipation factor
Leakage current
105 °C
Capacitance change
Dissipation factor
Leakage current
Surge voltage
85 °C, 1000 successive test cycles at 1.3 of
rated voltage in series with a 33
resistor at
the rate of 30 s ON, 30 s OFF
MIL-STD-202, method 213, condition I,
100
g
peak
Capacitance change
Dissipation factor
Leakage current
Capacitance change
Dissipation factor
Leakage current
Within ± 20 % of initial value
Within initial limits
Shall not exceed 300 % of initial limit
Within ± 20 % of initial value
Within initial limits
Shall not exceed 300 % of initial limit
-20 % to +40 % of initial value
Within initial limit
Shall not exceed 300 % of initial limit
Within -20 % to 0 % of initial value
Shall not exceed 150 % of initial limit
n/a
Within ± 20 % of initial value
Within initial limit
Within initial limit
Within -0 % to +50 % of initial value
Within initial limit
Shall not exceed 1000 % of initial value
Within -0 % to +50 % of initial value
Within initial limits
Shall not exceed 1000 % of initial limits
Within ± 20 % of initial value
Within initial limit
Shall not exceed 300 % of initial limit
Within ± 20 % of initial value
Within initial limit
Shall not exceed 300 % of initial limit
Shock
(specified pulse)
There shall be no mechanical or visual damage to capacitors
post-conditioning.
Vibration
MIL-STD-202, method 204, condition D,
10 Hz to 2000 Hz 20
g
peak
Capacitance change
Dissipation factor
Leakage current
Within ± 20 % of initial value
Within initial limit
Shall not exceed 300 % of initial limit
There shall be no mechanical or visual damage to capacitors
post-conditioning.
Shear test
Apply a pressure load of 5 N for 10 s ± 1 s
horizontally to the center of capacitor side body
Capacitance change
Dissipation factor
Leakage current
Within ± 20 % of initial value
Within initial limit
Shall not exceed 300 % of initial limit
PRODUCT INFORMATION
Polymer Guide
Moisture Sensitivity
Infographic
Sample Board
FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
www.vishay.com/doc?42106
www.vishay.com/doc?40076
www.vishay.com/doc?40135
www.vishay.com/doc?48084
www.vishay.com/doc?48073
Revision: 05-Oct-17
Document Number: 40191
4
For technical questions, contact:
polytech@vishay.com
THIS DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT
ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT
www.vishay.com/doc?91000
Polymer Guide
www.vishay.com
Vishay
Guide for Tantalum Solid Electrolyte Chip Capacitors
with Polymer Cathode
INTRODUCTION
Tantalum electrolytic capacitors are the preferred choice in
applications where volumetric efficiency, stable electrical
parameters, high reliability, and long service life are primary
considerations. The stability and resistance to elevated
temperatures of the tantalum/tantalum oxide/manganese
dioxide system make solid tantalum capacitors an
appropriate choice for today's surface mount assembly
technology.
Vishay Sprague has been a pioneer and leader in this field,
producing a large variety of tantalum capacitor types for
consumer, industrial, automotive, military, and aerospace
electronic applications.
Tantalum is not found in its pure state. Rather, it is
commonly found in a number of oxide minerals, often in
combination with Columbium ore. This combination is
known as “tantalite” when its contents are more than
one-half tantalum. Important sources of tantalite include
Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, and several African
countries. Synthetic tantalite concentrates produced from
tin slags in Thailand, Malaysia, and Brazil are also a
significant raw material for tantalum production.
Electronic applications, and particularly capacitors,
consume the largest share of world tantalum production.
Other important applications for tantalum include cutting
tools (tantalum carbide), high temperature super alloys,
chemical processing equipment, medical implants, and
military ordnance.
Vishay Sprague is a major user of tantalum materials in the
form of powder and wire for capacitor elements and rod and
sheet for high temperature vacuum processing.
Rating for rating, tantalum capacitors tend to have as much
as three times better capacitance/volume efficiency than
aluminum electrolytic capacitors. An approximation of the
capacitance/volume efficiency of other types of capacitors
may be inferred from the following table, which shows the
dielectric constant ranges of the various materials used in
each type. Note that tantalum pentoxide has a dielectric
constant of 26, some three times greater than that of
aluminum oxide. This, in addition to the fact that extremely
thin films can be deposited during the electrolytic process
mentioned earlier, makes the tantalum capacitor extremely
efficient with respect to the number of microfarads available
per unit volume. The capacitance of any capacitor is
determined by the surface area of the two conducting
plates, the distance between the plates, and the dielectric
constant of the insulating material between the plates.
COMPARISON OF CAPACITOR
DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS
DIELECTRIC
Air or vacuum
Paper
Plastic
Mineral oil
Silicone oil
Quartz
Glass
Porcelain
Mica
Aluminum oxide
Tantalum pentoxide
Ceramic
e
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT
1.0
2.0 to 6.0
2.1 to 6.0
2.2 to 2.3
2.7 to 2.8
3.8 to 4.4
4.8 to 8.0
5.1 to 5.9
5.4 to 8.7
8.4
26
12 to 400K
THE BASICS OF TANTALUM CAPACITORS
Most metals form crystalline oxides which are
non-protecting, such as rust on iron or black oxide on
copper. A few metals form dense, stable, tightly adhering,
electrically insulating oxides. These are the so-called
“valve“metals and include titanium, zirconium, niobium,
tantalum, hafnium, and aluminum. Only a few of these
permit the accurate control of oxide thickness by
electrochemical means. Of these, the most valuable for the
electronics industry are aluminum and tantalum.
Capacitors are basic to all kinds of electrical equipment,
from radios and television sets to missile controls and
automobile ignitions. Their function is to store an electrical
charge for later use.
Capacitors consist of two conducting surfaces, usually
metal plates, whose function is to conduct electricity. They
are separated by an insulating material or dielectric. The
dielectric used in all tantalum electrolytic capacitors is
tantalum pentoxide.
Tantalum pentoxide compound possesses high-dielectric
strength and a high-dielectric constant. As capacitors are
being manufactured, a film of tantalum pentoxide is applied
to their electrodes by means of an electrolytic process. The
film is applied in various thicknesses and at various voltages
and although transparent to begin with, it takes on different
colors as light refracts through it. This coloring occurs on the
tantalum electrodes of all types of tantalum capacitors.
Revision: 25-Oct-17
In the tantalum electrolytic capacitor, the distance between
the plates is very small since it is only the thickness of the
tantalum pentoxide film. As the dielectric constant of the
tantalum pentoxide is high, the capacitance of a tantalum
capacitor is high if the area of the plates is large:
eA
C
=
------
-
t
where
C = capacitance
e = dielectric constant
A = surface area of the dielectric
t = thickness of the dielectric
Tantalum capacitors contain either liquid or solid
electrolytes. In solid electrolyte capacitors, a dry material
(manganese dioxide) forms the cathode plate. A tantalum
lead is embedded in or welded to the pellet, which is in turn
connected to a termination or lead wire. The drawings show
the construction details of the surface mount types of
tantalum capacitors shown in this catalog.
Document Number: 40076
1
For technical questions, contact:
polytech@vishay.com
THIS DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT
ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT
www.vishay.com/doc?91000
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