1. Using the box method, the specified value is the maximum deviation from the output voltage at 25°C
over the specified operating temperature range.
2. The specified values are unloaded.
2
VRE100DS
VRE100
SELECTION GUIDE
Model
VRE102C
VRE102CA
VRE102M
Output (V)
±10
±10
±10
Temperature
Operating Range
-25°C to +85°C
-25°C to +85°C
-55°C to +125°C
Volt Deviation (MAX)
±0.8mV
±0.6mV
±1.2mV
Hermetic 14-pin Ceramic DIP
Package Style HC
2. THEORY OF OPERATION
The following discussion refers to the block diagrams in Figure 1. In operation, approximately 6.3 volts is applied
to the noninverting input of the op amp. The voltage is amplified by the op amp to produce a 10.000 V output. The
gain is determined by the networks R1 and R2: G=1 + R2/R1. The 6.3 V zener diode is used because it is the most
stable diode over time and temperature.
The zener operating current is derived from the regulated output voltage through R3. This feedback arrangement
provides a closely regulated zener current. This current determines the slope of the references’ voltage vs. tempera-
ture function. By trimming the zener current a lower drift over temperature can be achieved. But since the voltage
vs. temperature function is nonlinear this compensation technique is not well suited for wide temperature ranges.
A nonlinear compensation network of thermistors and resistors is used in the VRE series voltage references. This
proprietary network eliminates most of the nonlinearity in the voltage vs. temperature function. By then adjusting the
slope, this series produces a very stable voltage over wide temperature ranges. This network is less than 2% of the
overall network resistance so it has a negligible effect on long term stability. By using highly stable resistors in our
network, we produce a voltage reference that also has very good long term stability.
3. APPLICATION INFORMATION
Page 5 shows the proper connection of the VRE100 series voltage reference with the optional trim resistors. When
trimming the VRE102, the positive voltage should be trimmed first since the negative voltage tracks the positive
side. Pay careful attention to the circuit layout to avoid noise pickup and voltage drops in the lines.
The VRE100 series voltage references have the ground terminal brought out on two pins (pin 6 and pin 7) which
are connected together internally. This allows the user to achieve greater accuracy when using a socket. Voltage
references have a voltage drop across their power supply ground pin due to quiescent current flowing through the
contact resistance. If the contact resistance was constant with time and temperature, this voltage drop could be
trimmed out. When the reference is plugged into a socket, this source of error can be as high as 20 ppm. By con-
necting pin 7 to the power supply ground and pin 6 to a high impedance ground point in the measurement circuit,
the error due to the contact resistance can be eliminated. If the unit is soldered into place the contact resistance is
sufficiently small that it doesn’t effect performance. The VRE series voltage references can be connected with or
without the use of pin 6 and still provide superior performance.
VRE100DS
3
VRE100
4. TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES
V
OUT
vs. TEMPERATURE
V
OUT
vs. TEMPERATURE
1.2
0.8
0.6
V
OUT
vs. TEMPERATURE
V
OUT
vs. TEMPERATURE
-0.8
-0.6
-1.2
Temperature
o
C
VRE102C
Temperature
o
C
VRE102CA
Temperature
o
C
VRE102M
Temperature
o
C
VRE100MA
VRE100
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. TEMP
JUNCTION TEMP. RISE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT
PSRR VS. FREQUENCY
Temperature
o
C
Output Current (mA)
Frequency (Hz)
VRE102
POSITIVE OUTPUT
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. TEMP
JUNCTION TEMP. RISE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT
PSRR VS. FREQUENCY
Temperature
o
C
QUIESCENT CURRENT VS. TEMP
Output Current (mA)
NEGATIVE OUTPUT
JUNCTION TEMP. RISE VS. OUTPUT CURRENT
Frequency (Hz)
PSRR VS. FREQUENCY
Temperature
o
C
Output Current (mA)
Frequency (Hz)
4
VRE100DS
VRE100
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS
1. Optional Fine Adjust for approximately ±20mV.
PIN CONFIGURATION
TOP VIEW
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
REF.
GND
GND
FINE
ADJ.
+10V
-ADJ.
-10V
-ADJ.
-PS
NC
REF.
GND
GND
TOP VIEW
+ADJ.
+10V
VRE100
FINE
ADJ.
+PS
NC
NC
NC
VRE102
+ADJ.
+PS
NC
NC
NC
For all Apex Microtechnology product questions and inquiries, call toll free 800-546-2739 in North America.
For inquiries via email, please contact apex.support@apexanalog.com.
International customers can also request support by contacting their local Apex Microtechnology Sales Representative.
To find the one nearest to you, go to www.apexanalog.com
IMPORTANT NOTICE
Apex Microtechnology, Inc. has made every effort to insure the accuracy of the content contained in this document. However, the information is subject to change
without notice and is provided "AS IS" without warranty of any kind (expressed or implied). Apex Microtechnology reserves the right to make changes without further
notice to any specifications or products mentioned herein to improve reliability. This document is the property of Apex Microtechnology and by furnishing this informa-
tion, Apex Microtechnology grants no license, expressed or implied under any patents, mask work rights, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets or other intellectual
property rights. Apex Microtechnology owns the copyrights associated with the information contained herein and gives consent for copies to be made of the informa-
tion only for use within your organization with respect to Apex Microtechnology integrated circuits or other products of Apex Microtechnology. This consent does not
extend to other copying such as copying for general distribution, advertising or promotional purposes, or for creating any work for resale.
APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED, AUTHORIZED OR WARRANTED TO BE SUITABLE FOR USE IN PRODUCTS USED FOR
LIFE SUPPORT, AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY, SECURITY DEVICES, OR OTHER CRITICAL APPLICATIONS. PRODUCTS IN SUCH APPLICATIONS ARE UNDER-
STOOD TO BE FULLY AT THE CUSTOMER OR THE CUSTOMER’S RISK.
Apex Microtechnology, Apex and Apex Precision Power are trademarks of Apex Microtechnolgy, Inc. All other corporate names noted herein may be trademarks
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