Freescale Semiconductor
Advance Information
Document Number: MC44C404
Rev. 0.3, 11/2007
NICAM 728 - Stereo Encoder
Th
e MC44C404 NICAM Stereo Encoder is the industry’s first single-chip
CMOS implementation of a Near Instantaneous Companding Audio Multiplex
728 (NICAM) stereo encoder.
• Intended for use in set-top boxes, VCRs, DVD players/recorders, game
stations, and other applications that are required to output high-quality stereo
sound through a single RF coaxial cable.
• Engineered to process analog audio signals to generate a QPSK modulated
signal in compliance with the EN 300 163 standard.
• Designed to output this signal to a Freescale RF modulator, which in turn
produces a stereo encoded RF channel for use with any NICAM stereo
television receiver.
Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Supports B, G, H, I, K1, L system standards
NICAM digital audio processing encodes and transports stereo signals
Integrated A/D converter input and D/A converter output circuitry
Extended low frequency response (below 25 Hz)
Simple passive interface to MC44BS373/4 UHF modulators
Low power consumption - typically < 50 mW
RoHS compliant
MC44C404
NICAM STEREO ENCODER
EP SUFFIX
32-LEAD TQFN PACKAGE
CASE 1457-01
Benefits
• Preservation of original surround sound fidelity
• Multi standard
• Low system component count, small board size and significantly low overall
system cost
• No manual alignment of filters or phase controls
Reference Documentation
NICAM 728: Transmission of two-channel digital sound with terrestrial
television systems B, G, H, I, K1 and L. (EN 300 163 V1.2.1)
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device
MC44C404EP
MC44C404EPR2
Temp.
Range
Package RoHS
32TQFN
Yes
Yes
0
°C
to
+70°C
Tape & Reel
XTALOUT
DV
SS
XTALIN
C1
C2
MC44C404
AUDIO
A - CHANNEL
AUDIO
B - CHANNEL
Σ∆ADC
Σ∆ADC
NICAM
DIGITAL
AUDIO
PROCESSOR
NC
DAC
QPSK
AUDIO
VINB
VAGO
VREFP
VREFM
XTAL
CLOCK
GENERATOR
CLOCK
OUT
VAGO
ADCV
DD
ADCV
SS
C4
OV
DD
DV
SS
NC
CLK4MHZ
DV
DD
SYS_I
DV
SS
DV
SS
NC
MC44C404
C3
MC44C404 32TQFN Package
This document contains information on a preproduction product. Specifications and information herein are subject to change without notice.
© Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2007. All rights reserved.
VINA
Functional Block Diagram
VAGO
OV
DD
QPSK
OV
SS
NC
NC
NC
MC44C404
XTALIN 28
XTALOUT 27
Oscillator
Clock
Generator
4 MHz
22 CLK4MHZ
ADCV
DD
VINA
7
9
Σ∆
ADC
DAC
11 OV
DD
15 QPSK
VAGO 10
VREFP
VAGO
VREFM
4
6
5
V-REF
26 DV
SS
VINB
VAGO
2
Σ∆
ADC
25 OV
DD
24 DV
SS
3
ADCV
SS
8
21 DV
DD
19 DV
SS
SYS_I 20
C1 32
C2 31
C3 30
C4 29
NICAM 728
Audio Processor
18 DV
SS
16 OV
SS
Figure 1. MC44C404 Block Diagram
MC44C404
2
Freescale Semiconductor
PIN DESCRIPTION
XTALOUT
DV
SS
XTALIN
C1
C2
C3
ORIENTATION MARK
C4
OV
DD
DV
SS
NC
CLK4MHZ
DV
DD
SYS_SEL
DV
SS
DV
SS
NC
NC
VINB
VAGO
VREFP
VREFM
VAGO
ADCV
DD
ADCV
SS
VAGO
OV
DD
QPSK
OV
SS
NC
NC
VINA
NC
PIN 1
MC44C404
Figure 2. MC44C404 32-Lead TQFN Package
Table 1. Pin Descriptions (Listed by Function)
Signal Name
Analog
VINA
VREFP
VAGO
VREFM
VINB
Digital
C1
C2
C3
C4
32
31
30
29
Control input 4 is the reserve sound switching flag.
C4 = 0: The analog signal is not carrying the same program as the digital signal.
C4 = 1: The analog sound signal is carrying the same program as the digital signal.
Output system format select.
SYS_I = 0: The output format is System B, G, H, K1 or L.
SYS_I = 1: The output format is System I.
QPSK NICAM audio output
No connection
Control inputs 1, 2 and 3.
See Table 2, Application Control Bits for setting these application control bits.
9
4
3, 6, 10
5
2
A channel input
ADC voltage ref. bypass plus
Analog virtual ground
ADC voltage ref. bypass minus
B channel input
Pin #
Description
SYS_I
20
QPSK
NC
Clocks
XTALIN
XTALOUT
CLK4MHZ
Power Supply
ADCV
DD
ADCV
SS
DV
DD
DV
SS
and OV
SS
OV
DD
15
1, 12, 13, 14, 17, 23
28
27
22
Crystal oscillator input
Crystal oscillator output
4 MHz clock output for Audio/Video modulator IC
7
8
21
16, 18, 19, 24, 26
11, 25
ADC analog supply voltage, 3.3 V
ADC analog ground
Digital logic supply voltage, 1.8 V
Digital logic/I/O ground
I/O supply voltage, 3.3 V
MC44C404
Freescale Semiconductor
3
Table 2. Application Control Bits
C1
0
0
1
1
X
C2
0
1
0
1
X
C3
0
0
0
0
1
Contents of the 704-Bit Sound/Data Blocks
Stereo signal
Two independent mono sound signals
One mono signal and one 352 Kbits/sec data channel
One 704 Kbits/sec data channel
Reserved
ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Table 3. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Absolute maximum continuous ratings are those maximum values beyond which damage to the device may occur. Exposure to
these conditions or conditions beyond those indicated may adversely affect device reliability. Functional operation at absolute-
maximum-rated conditions is not implied.
Characteristic
Digital Logic Supply Voltage
Digital Output Supply Voltage
ADC Supply Voltage
Input Voltage
Storage Temperature Range
Symbol
DV
DD
OV
DD
ADCV
DD
V
in
T
stg
Min
–0.3
–0.3
–0.3
–0.3
–55
Max
+2.0
+4.0
+4.0
xV
DD
+ 0.3
+150
Units
V
V
V
V
°C
Table 4. General Specifications
Characteristic
ESD Protection (Machine Model)
ESD Protection (Human Body Model)
Latch-Up Immunity
Symbol
MM
HBM
LU
Min
200
2000
200
Typ
—
—
—
Max
—
—
—
Units
V
V
mA
Table 5. Recommended Operating Conditions
Characteristic
Digital Logic Supply Voltage
Digital Output Supply Voltage
ADC Supply Voltage
A/B Channel Input Level
Ambient Temperature
Symbol
DV
DD
OV
DD
ADCV
DD
VINA, VINB
T
A
Min
1.62
2.97
2.97
—
Typ
1.8
3.3
3.3
—
—
Max
1.98
3.63
3.63
1.8
70
Units
V
V
V
V
pp
°C
0
Table 6. DC Characteristics
Characteristic
(1)
Digital Logic Supply Current
Digital Output Supply Current
ADC Supply Current
ADC Voltage Ref. Bypass Plus
ADC Voltage Ref. Bypass Minus
ADC Voltage Ref. Ground
CLK4MHZ, Clock Output Low @ I = 0.6 mA
CLK4MHZ, Clock Output High @ I = 0.6 mA
Symbol
IDV
DD
IOV
DD
IADCV
DD
VREFP
VREFM
VAGO
V
ol
V
oh
Min
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.97
—
Typ
7.5
2.0
7.0
2.0
1.0
1.5
—
—
Max
8.5
8.0
9.0
—
—
—
—
3.63
Units
mA
mA
mA
V
V
V
V
V
MC44C404
4
Freescale Semiconductor
1. Unless other wise noted: DV
DD
= 1.8 + 0.18 Vdc, OV
DD
= ADCV
DD
= 3.3 + 0.33 Vdc, GND = 0 Vdc, 0 < T
A
< 70°C
Table 7. AC Characteristics
(Test setup as shown in Figure 3, MC44C404 Typical Application Circuit for B, G and H Systems)
Characteristic
(1)
Input Impedance (A/B Input)
QPSK Audio Output Level
(2)
QPSK Output Level
Signal to Noise Ratio
(2),(3)
Total Harmonic Distortion
(2),(3)
-1 dB Bandwidth
SNR
THD
BW
Symbol
R
in
Min
—
—
—
72
—
20
Typ
22
0.85
—
75
0.1
—
Max
—
—
2.2
—
0.3
14500
Units
KΩ
V
pp
V
pp
dB
%
Hz
1. Unless other wise noted: DV
DD
= 1.8 + 0.18 Vdc, OV
DD
= ADCV
DD
= 3.3 + 0.33 Vdc, GND = 0 Vdc, 0 < T
A
< 70°C
2. Test conditions, mono, 1 kHz @ 1.5 V
pp
3. Measured in 20 Hz to 13.5 kHz bandwidth
SYSTEM APPLICATION NOTES
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
When developing an application using the MC44C404
NICAM Stereo Encoder, the user can significantly improve
performance by following the suggestions below.
1. There must be a notch in the video because video
spectra that fall into the audio range will severely impact
the audio performance.
2. A band pass filter is required on the QPSK output.
Modulator Interface
3. The 4 MHz clock drive to the MC44BS373 must be
filtered and the level set correctly. This can be achieved
by using a Low Pass Filter (LPF), as shown in LPF1 in
Figure 3, MC44C404 Typical Application Circuit for B, G
and H Systems.
4. To set the application control bits see Table 1, Pin
Descriptions (Listed by Function) and Table 2,
Application Control Bits
MC44C404
Freescale Semiconductor
5
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