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Standard DC-DC converters generally have preset output voltages, such as 3.3V, 5V, 12V, 15V, etc. Many converter manufacturers allow a little flexibility for the designer to fine-tune the converter's output voltage. A common approach is to adjust the DC-DC converter's control pin. This can be done via a fixed resistor, potentiometer, or other circuitry. , such as digital-to-analog converters and operational amplifiers. By adjusting the output voltage, power engineers can adjust the output voltage up or down, setting a non-standard output voltage that meets the application requirements. Power engineers can also change the output voltage while the system is operating by feeding the voltage back to the control pin through a digital-to-analog converter or operational amplifier.