* Brief introduction to the work:
为满足手机快充需求,市场上存有多种快充协议。本作品为基于USB-PD协议的快充充电器,兼容PD3.0协议、QC3.0/2.0协议、MTKPE+1.1协议、FCP/SCP协议。
* 1. Details of the work ;
随着手机行业对充电速度的需求,衍生出了快充技术,从2013年高通发布QC1.0快充技术以来已有6年历程,发展出了多种的快充协议,如PD协议、联发科MTKPE协议、华为FCP/SCP协议、高通QC1.0-4.0协议、苹果BC1.2协议、OPPO VOOC闪充、一加DASH等众多手机厂商均推出了自家的快充协议。
USB-PD协议是USB-IF组织推出的协议,基于USB Type-C接口,而USB Type-C具有正反插入、最大100W 电力传输功率、最高 10Gbps 传输速度(雷电协议似乎能做到更高)等传统USB-A接口所没有的特性,USB-PD使用Type-C接口正是其最大100W传输功率的特性。在电子设备越来越追求轻薄,Type-C满足了轻薄的要求,而USB-PD快充协议通用性更强,使USB-PD + Type-C的快充充电方式逐渐成为主流。苹果iPhone系列全系标配5V1A充电头被戏称“五福一安万福金安”,诟病多年后,首次在2019年9月10日秋季苹果发布会中的iPhone11系列标配18W USB-PD快充充电头,也意味着更多手机厂商将有可能采用PD协议作为自家产品的快充协议。
本作品为USB Type-C接口USB-PD 3.0协议的充电器,设计功率40W,带同步整流。输出档位5V2.8A、9V2.8A、12V2.8A、15V2.67A。芯片方案OB2273(初级PWM)、OB2004A(次级同步整流)、IP2712(USB协议控制)、TFP8N60C(8A600V场效应管,初级开关管)、NCE0140KA(40A100V场效应管,次级同步整流管)、AOD403(-80A-30V P沟道场效应管,IP2712控制管)。
作品参数:
输入:100 - 250V AC , 50 / 60 Hz , 0.6A
输出:5V 2.8A ,9V 2.8A ,12V 2.8A ,15V 2.67A。最大40W
支持协议:USB-PD3.0,QC2.0,QC3.0,MTK PE+1.1,FCP,SCP,BC1.2(兼容),APPLE2.4A(兼容),三星协议(兼容)。
* 2. Describe the challenges faced by the work and the problems it solves ;
虽然快充技术多年来已发展相对成熟,市场上快充技术的充电头也种类繁多,但各种充电头、技术等都是各厂商的商业机密,没有现成的方案可供电子爱好者参考学习此方面的快充技术。本作品为完全从空白开始设计,初级开关控制、次级同步整流、变压器设计、协议芯片调试等,逐步调试测试,终于从空白到完成一整套方案的设计。
设计、调试过程中出现几点问题
问题一:在变压器中,由于输出电压有多个档位,如5V-9V-12V-15V。而辅助芯片供电绕组电压会与输出电压档位及负载水平相关联。相同负载或空载情况下,低输出电压时,辅助绕组电压也低;高输出电压时,辅助绕组电压也高;相同输出电压档位时,负载越高,辅助绕组的电压也会随之升高。
但OB2273芯片工作电压最高仅为28V,超过芯片最高供电电压或低于芯片UVLO ON状态电压,都会使充电器工作异常。在第一次测试阶段就出现了这个问题,通过增加三极管线性稳压电路加大电容耐压值,精细调整变压器设计参数,解决了芯片电压过高烧毁或电压过低进入UVLO保护状态的问题。
问题二:不可避免的功率器件发热。初级MOS管作为功率开关器件,流过的电流很大,同时带来的发热也很大。避免发热造成损坏有两种办法,辅助散热(即加散热片或甚至风扇)和直接从发热源头解决发热问题,MOS管导通有导通电阻,电流流过电阻就会发热,所以这里可以选用导通电阻较小的MOS管,可以降低发热。
此处更换为8A600V的MOS管,导通电阻1.0-1.2Ω,经过长时间满载工作测试,无散热常规风冷状态没有出现较高温度。若进一步提高功率则必须加散热片(或采用GaN氮化镓技术开关管)。
* 3. Describe the key points involved in the hardware and software parts of the work ;
1. 次级使用同步整流技术,损耗比二极管整流方式低。
2. 初级PWM控制芯片选用的OB2273,有多个版本:OB2273MP、OB2273AMP、OB2273BMP,不同型号参数有细微不同,需注意区别。本作品使用的是OB2273MP,理论上3个版本可通用。
3. 位号RT、R8是过热保护外围组件,非必要时可以不安装。
4. 初级MOS管引脚处最高可能有600V的电压,调试时注意人身安全。
5. 参考变压器参数在最高输入电压时初级MOS和次级同步整流管均在承受电压范围内,为了保险起见,初级MOS管建议选用耐压650V或以上耐压的管子。
6. 调整副板参数可改变输出功率,详见IP2712芯片数据手册。
Transformer winding reference parameters: Core model ER2828 (not the best solution, parameters need to be further optimized according to various requirements)
* 4. List of work materials ;
Device Parameters | PCB designation | Encapsulation | quantity | Lichuang Mall SKU |
---|---|---|---|---|
Header2H | ACIN | Interface_DG128-5.0-2P | 1 | |
X2/0.1uF | C1 | Capacitor X2 safety regulation 12*6 | 1 | C333830 |
100uF/450V | C2 | Capacitor_Electrolysis 18*36 horizontal | 1 | C124225 |
103/1KV | C3 | 1206 | 1 | C303948 |
22uF/100V | C4 | Capacitor_Electrolytic [2.54 pitch 6.3 diameter] | 1 | C269994 |
47pF | C5 | 0603 | 1 | C302069 |
104 | C6, C11, C14, C15 | 0805 | 4 | C360619 |
680uF/25V | C7, C8 | Capacitor_Electrolytic [3.4 pitch 8 diameter] | 2 | C176310 |
1uF | C9, C12, C13, C16 | 0805 | 4 | C16834 |
682 | C10 | 0805 | 1 | C1755 |
222/Y2 | CY | Capacitor Y2 safety regulation 10.0*4.0 | 1 | C263260 |
KBP310 | D1 | Rectifier bridge_KBP** | 1 | C2496 |
US1M | D2 | SMA | 1 | C181135 |
F7-DF | D3 | SOD123FL | 1 | C383634 |
MMSZ24VBW | D4 | SOD123FL | 1 | C261253 |
led | D5 | 0805 | 1 | |
T3.15A/250V | F1 | Insurance_square 8.5*4 | 1 | C354904 |
OB2273 | IC1 | SOT-23-6 | 1 | C138813 |
OB2004A | IC2 | SOT-23-6 | 1 | C138810 |
IP2712 | IC3 | TSSOP-20 | 1 | C193909 |
CH | L1 | Inductor_common mode magnetic ring 5*10 | 1 | |
UU10.5 | L2 | Inductor_Common mode UU10.5 | 1 | |
10D-9 | NTC | NTC/VDR 9mm | 1 | |
8N60 | Q1 | TO-220 | 1 | C118242 |
MMBTA42G | Q2 | SOT-23 | 1 | C393565 |
NCE0140KA | Q3 | TO-252 (DPAK) | 1 | C194346 |
AOD403 | Q4 | TO-252 (DPAK) | 1 | C28969 |
AO3404(A49T) | Q5 | SOT-23 | 1 | C351407 |
470K | R1A, R1B | 1206 | 2 | |
47K/2W | R2 | Resistor_Vertical 1-2W | 1 | |
0.1R/1W | R3 | Resistor_Vertical 0.25-1W | 1 | |
100K | R4 | 0805 | 1 | |
10K | R5, R13, R18, R20 | 0805 | 4 | |
180K | R6A, R6B | 1206 | 2 | C104659 |
30K | R7 | 0805 | 1 | C139886 |
1K | R8, R17 | 0805 | 2 | |
100R | R9 | 0805 | 1 | C25277 |
25K | R10 | 0805 | 1 | C63863 |
100R | R11 | 0805 | 1 | C25277 |
2K | R12 | 0805 | 1 | |
100K | R14, R15 | 0603 | 2 | |
10mOhm | R16 | 2512 | 1 | C127692 |
15K | R19 | 0805 | 1 | |
NTC50K | RT | 0603 | 1 | C95952 |
ER2828 | T1 | Transformer EC2828_6+6 | 1 | |
Typec-16P | Type-C | Interface_TYPE-C-16PIN | 1 | |
PC817 | U1 | DIP-4 | 1 | C115500 |
TL431 | U2 | SOT-23 | 1 | C181103 |
* 5. Upload the picture of the work ; (the PCB must have the competition logo and take a photo and upload it, if not, it will be deemed as giving up the competition)
* 6. Demonstrate your work and record it as a video for upload ; (The content of the video must include: introduction to the work; functional demonstration; performance test; close-up of the competition logo on the PCB. Failure to do so will be deemed as giving up the competition)
https://diy.szlcsc.com/attachments/2019/9/vvanErwnIbBRmrXg8FoJ153jtqQb3BpS5sz4Cikk.mp4
7. Open source documents
Circuit schematic: https://diy.szlcsc.com/attachments/2019/9/m8FrKYtnOKBSxMd7uptikEj2BMWKiaB9wtIeW3a9.pdf Component list: https://diy.szlcsc.com/attachments/2019/9/tS0SgvfNFpaW0kkOk2AdWfdklMzAaOpCdUuEJ8h 3.xlsx chip data sheet: https://diy.szlcsc.com/attachments/2019/9/1Uv7xc3zxrjhDmSNjZDgHnpXADdHINBQgcAFUmMT.rar PCB file: https://diy.szlcsc.com/attachments/2019/9/gUb8ermmUbES8wrcG0FQ8mdy229QSHpmrRr0jXVh.rar
PCB preview:
All reference designs on this site are sourced from major semiconductor manufacturers or collected online for learning and research. The copyright belongs to the semiconductor manufacturer or the original author. If you believe that the reference design of this site infringes upon your relevant rights and interests, please send us a rights notice. As a neutral platform service provider, we will take measures to delete the relevant content in accordance with relevant laws after receiving the relevant notice from the rights holder. Please send relevant notifications to email: bbs_service@eeworld.com.cn.
It is your responsibility to test the circuit yourself and determine its suitability for you. EEWorld will not be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, consequential or punitive damages arising from any cause or anything connected to any reference design used.
Supported by EEWorld Datasheet