2.4G PCB Yagi Antenna Redesigned Based on HFSS Simulation

Disclaimer: Antenna products may differ from simulations in terms of standing wave ratio (SWR), frequency, etc., due to variations in board thickness and dielectric constant between batches. Test results are for reference only; please assess the risks before replicating.
Design Reference: https://www.ti.com.cn/cn/lit/an/swra350/swra350.pdf?ts=1651263534722
For replication, select a 1.2mm board thickness and an off-center clamp mount. Do not cover the copper surface with anything, including the silkscreen.
Keep away from all objects, including but not limited to plastic, metal, and the human body. Maintaining clear airflow is crucial for the antenna to function properly.
 
==============MASTER WARNING==============
                                This project may include the following:
     Mysterious malfunctions, frequency drift, high SWR, weak signal. If you experience any discomfort with the flight mode
                                , please adapt as soon as possible
. ============== Answers are prohibited within the binding line. ===============
 
Antenna Design Step 1:
Let's draw a diagram first, like this:
Then export it in STP format, like this:
Then open HFSS, import the STP, and make sure to set the material and airbox, and don't forget to
set the solution mode and frequency range
for the feed point. The long simulation process begins...
 
Then the simulation is complete. Here are the results
 
: S11 parameters:
 
VSWR parameters:
 
3D gain pattern:
Maximum gain and antenna efficiency:
 
==============End of simulation, starting physical testing==============
 
Using the Agilent E5071C network analyzer, the actual test results are as follows:
 
S11 parameters:
 
VSWR parameters:
 
Smith chart:
 
Did you think we stopped at network analysis?
NO!
 
Next, please welcome our heavyweight guest – the microwave anechoic chamber.
 
Through anechoic chamber testing, we can conclude that:
1. The maximum gain point is at 2.41 GHz, with a gain of 7.59 dBi, better than the simulation results.
2. The in-band flatness between 2.41 GHz and 2.48 GHz is 0.54 dB, meeting expectations.
3. The antenna efficiency is 70% at 2.41 GHz and 58% at 2.48 GHz, lower than the simulation results.
 
E-plane test results:
 
H-plane test results:
 
Three-dimensional gain direction test diagram:
 
Now in practical application and included in the deluxe package.jpg
 
===================END======================