Low-voltage H-bridge brushed motor driver board

This project introduces
a dual-channel PWM input low-voltage (12~24V) high-current brushed motor forward and reverse drive, suitable for driving most low-voltage brushed motors used in daily life and scientific research. The total board cost is less than 15 RMB*.
This module is also suitable for PWM dimming, PWM digital control heating, and driving other motors. Please ask questions in the comments or send a private message if you have any questions.
*Some components have been replaced, but performance is not affected.
 
Project Background:
The H-bridge is a control circuit that uses four MOSFETs to drive a single motor to achieve forward and reverse rotation. By controlling the conduction of the corresponding MOSFETs, the direction of the motor current can be controlled, thereby controlling the rotation direction of the brushed motor. Combined with PWM control technology, precise adjustment of the motor speed can be achieved.
Due to its simple structure, low price, and easy control, the H-bridge PWM driver is often used in the control of various brushed motors. Considering stability and heat dissipation, this project uses two integrated MOSFETs to build an H-bridge driver.
 
Features:
Integrated MOS x Dual-channel switch
PWM input compatible with 3.3V and 5V levels, up to 500kHz, supports direct drive by most MCUs. Partially compatible with traditional module operating logic such as L298N.
Supports single-motor forward and reverse drive or dual-motor single-direction drive.
Built-in gate charge discharge and input fuse to prevent module burnout in case of failure.
Uses 5.2mΩ low internal resistance MOSFET, supports 25A continuous strong output*,
compatible with the same pin driver and MOS, allowing for easy and low-cost module customization.
*Replaces MOS model AON6992, and also replaces or shorts the 50A fuse. Uses open-window copper and enhances heat dissipation. Replacement does not affect BOM price.
Version Description:
There are 2 versions in the alpha stage in the project. The verified version is an integrated MOS 2-way switch. The actual picture is as follows: (Some components are not soldered, and the PCB has been adjusted). See the video introduction for details .
Testing
:
Output waveform test
is shown in the output waveform demonstration video.
 
Cost and Production:
The cost of this project can be reduced to about 15 RMB/PCS by replacing the default component models (no need to change the schematic and PCB).
MOS driver: FD2103S ⇨ 0.75 RMB/PCS,
MOS: AON6992 ⇨ 3 RMB/PCS.
If the power supply voltage
does not require reverse current protection, the reverse current protection circuit can be removed, and the 3.3V power supply can also be removed.
In this case, a simplified PCB can be prototyped. For
low frequency (PWM carrier
input fuse is unavailable, other one-time fuses (xxxT10A250V) can be used) at approximately 0.5 RMB/PCS .
For high current output (>10A), the module must have heat dissipation measures added; aluminum alloy heat sinks are recommended.
## If using 5mm MOSFETs from a disassembled laptop, you can find about 6 usable ones in a 15 RMB pack (depending on luck), which is the most cost-effective.
Other components are standard resistors and common diodes, and affordable alternatives can be quickly found.
If you have any questions about material replacement for this project, please contact us in the comments or via private message.
Soldering for this project requires a soldering iron, hot air gun, or heating table. Small components such as 0402 or close-pin ICs must be soldered if unavailable. The soldering difficulty is moderate.
Regarding the material data,
the default pin mapping of the FDMS3660S is incorrect. When cloning, please be careful not to change the remapped package of FDMS3660S in the project. For
power supply and connectors
, when using this module to drive the motor, please carefully read the power selection section in the "Power Supply Adaptation and Material Replacement Instructions." Using an unqualified power supply will cause safety and stability problems for the module.
When using other power supplies to power the module, it is recommended to replace the original banana plug with the corresponding connector input.
The motor commutation and braking energy
module does not have any form of braking energy recovery system. Do not suddenly change the motor's rotation direction. It is recommended to set both PWM channels to 100% high or 100% low level, wait for the motor to stop rotating for a period of time, and then reverse the current direction; otherwise, the power supply may be burned out (especially low-quality power supplies such as power banks + decoys). This version of
 
the single-switch leisure board
does not have an H-bridge circuit; it can only achieve switching and speed regulation without forward or reverse rotation. Its features include a well-designed casing and very simple operation. In actual use, if there is no need for forward or reverse rotation, this version can be used instead. See
Figure 2 in the video for some operations: using 6x5. This
guide describes a casual "single switch" circuit built with MOS and Schottky diodes (using surface mount diodes).
The cost can be reduced by replacing the MOS and MOS driver. Alternatively, a 16V electrolytic capacitor of the same specification can be used instead of a 35V electrolytic capacitor.
MOS driver: FD2103S ⇨ 0.75 RMB/PCS;
Electrolytic capacitor: EKZE160ELL222MJ25S ⇨ 2 RMB/PCS. Pin headers, fuses, resistors, LEDs, etc., can be purchased from stores like xxMicroelectronics on Taobao, averaging less than 1.5 RMB/set. Adding 0.75 RMB for solder and flux and 1 RMB for the diode, the total cost will not exceed 7 RMB, and the replacement will not affect performance.
Alternatively, 5mm MOS transistors salvaged from laptops can be used, reducing the price to 0.5 RMB/PCS.