To ensure compliance with all international standards, the designer of an isolated power supply for telecom applications needs to take certain facts into account: The input voltage is never 110V or 220V from the mains, but the lower voltage of a lead-acid battery (-12V, -24V, or -48V) that is charged by means of the mains through rectification (Figure 1). (Batteries back up the telecom system in case of failure in the mains supply.) To combat corrosion due to ion flow, the input voltage is always negative, with the positive terminal connected to ground.
Figure 1. In this block diagram of the backup architecture used in telecom systems, a battery block is kept charged by the mains rectifier. In the event of a mains failure, it supplies the system to prevent transmission interruptions.
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